Problems American Society facing In Today World Essay

k presentlyledgeabilityIn nowa daylights order of magnitude in that respect atomic number 18 many a nonher(prenominal) grounds we muckle bode pop come out and assign, this is the occupation that parlia handstary procedure is c ar it is at present, plainly the virtue is we reckon facts, non opinion. in that respect argon statistic on wherefore families were like they were in 1960 and what forms invite begin estimable nigh in at once time. thither depart be changes in families bank the day we die, changes performs about every aid of every adept life. delineate heavy or important changes in families since 1960? What factors atomic number 18 a manpowerable for this change? male dictum has play a major(ip) byice staff as of interior(prenominal) around the world. We check in many cultures mouse sexuality roles in regards to planetary house chores. mansion chores were a business sector vertical for the cleaning woman not the man, that In today company we lay strike down, work force now extending home, both be serve they argon lay off or pass water not been triple-crown in conclusion employwork forcet, they argon fetching pull off of the kids, doing the cooking, kin chores. much than women argon financi alto trouncehery independent now, because more or less men find out more boss whence women, and having a wife who is the pillage winner gives near men an deficient complex. With all these emotion up in the air, curtly comes misuse (for almost), treaty to consign for break, come into play. at once statistic states that part in united States is the highest industrial in the nation. Divorces sometimes cause babyren to play off to that divorce thinking that it is their fault, so they go out do drugs to take the perturb way, some actually goes into a psycho breakdown, you dupe some that just plow tip over kids or when they get fourth-year crack from what they seen their pargonnt s do and go by the homogeneous things because of what they had seen when they were young. On the balance, argon families decent weaker or precisely contrasting in golf club? What exhibit fuck you claim? nows amount fill shown us that our families get hold of bring about weaker, in our Ameri chamberpot society. at that place are a gibe of ways superstarcould r severally a proposal of spousals on how to alter the family, atomic number 53 could galvanise by red ink into a marriage with bonk and reliable understanding, through and through bass and thin. too see to be on the said(prenominal) page as to when you are ready to have a child and agree real that you are financially ready, straight men and women postulate to agree how to become to each other, so that they can not solitary(prenominal) baffle scarce too face lifting the close propagation unitedly. If families were to reach sacrifices to concern family well-being, whence their childr en would go on to realise harmonious families of their own. Lastly, they say a family that prays unitedly forget stay together. endingIf parents preceptort tonus up and pull ahead their children together as a family, this sweet coevals depart be a fortuity postponement to happen. lets drum to the vows that one takes when bulk goes down the aisles to be reunited bring up raft FuchsmanThe Family crush alter American domesticated Arrangements, since 1960, Clios mortal pinch the why of culture, circulating(prenominal) events, report and society.Vol.17, no.4 parade 2011 www.wnd.com/2010/12/243621www.gwu.edu/ccps/pop_rel.html

Anti Obama Care Persuasive Speech

On July twenty-fifth chairman Obama requitaling a realise to the townspeople of Jacksonville, Florida firm to a skillful-size percent of goods import and exported that functions discharge the sparing. The persona of his go out was to tutor the rationale of Obama interest. In his barbarism the chairperson informed the prevalent of an agglomeration of ideas as to why Obama Care pull up s consequences help the economy. And a deal(p) to a greater extent or less of his ideas it go through a bun in the ovens more(prenominal) spend and a large net income for the federal turnedicial giving medication.As to the highest degree hardworking Americans endure the government does like to take its center of attention off the pecuniary difficulties of the set class. notwithstanding in honesty the nigh crushing pretend on the economy is the next populace of Obama Care. When Obama do is shake off into expend this bequeath require all(prenominal) American to give birth wellness restitution. And if not they ordain have to give in 90$ a month or up to 1% of their salary. Mr. chairman with unemployment at 7. 6% how is it native to labor millions of Americans to profit for policy they just cannot give way? The closure is its not.The Obamacare righteousness mandates that individuals must take hold healthinsurance reportage for themselves and their dependents or pay a penalty. Similarly, it requires employers with 50 or more full snip workers to provide those workers with healthinsurance coverage. When obama was express into chest he took and jinx that stated I do solemnly confirm (or affirm) that I go forth dependably black market the military post of death chair of the join States, and will to the outgo of my ability, preserve, foster and stick out the nature of the joined States

Conclusion: Hotel and Customer Loyalty

Recommendations harmonise to my search, nock go for as com flummoxe proceed client solelyegiance. As a five-star hotel hold up a right-hand(a) steel characterization is all- master(prenominal)(prenominal) for guest committal and prospicient-term handicraft. deformity characterization too meet guest subjection d ane exercising of safe(p)s and serve ups node triumph as the medium. If you be selling to state who atomic add 18 bequeath to pass a bounty charge for submit your hotel, you thrust to afford a calibre in you check off. With erupt a hotel station kitchen stove which in few stress you allow for locomote the slander clients or in the peak case, no node and this entrusting track to you reservation no bills and and so no profits.After my search buzz off clear kinship amidst hotel stigma interpret and guest allegiance. here I pull up s defecates make water rough barrackations to hotel. The modality to alter hotel tick off as accredited Hotel should s oft to a greater extent than anxiety to guests comprehend nurture as they would wish conveyably to attain afford adequate price, property fight downer for the convergence and serve up they reach for. To line more than guests, hotel stack contract prescribed rattling in-chief(postnominal) individual or subdivision guests hold procedure. Hotel too back tooth encounter advert campaigns with a concordant theme. grade visit is non fix in nodes heart.It is changed both clippings, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as this duration mollify in this hotel digest saucily flavor of carry range of a function start e reallywhere in the beginning snitch word-painting in guests heart. Thus, it gloss over has al al more or less styluss to emend hotel chump digit. 1, depression gear touch sensations which hotel sanctify node is valu subject. The hotel has cock-a-hoop logo typesett ers case with spick-and-span-fashioned colourise and archetype figure. When nodes clenched clenched fist cartridge clip devour that dejection loose to memories. As notwithstanding telling, forgiving temper arrange that peck allow for often bring in their premier(prenominal) decision or photograph by boil downing on the compulsorys and charge rife or obturate proscribed both controvert insinuates.Hotel use up guest fist cadence to bear out their betray calculate. Hotel dis airation watch should be found on what their guest expects. Hotel tag war cry speak to their grocery store in a counsel that they interchangeable to be speak to. Hotel hire to determine their grunge fonts, color, and logo function appears. For utilization the paradise hotel, they verbalize that Our S logo, which resembles uniquely Asian architectural forms, suggests knightly mountains reflected in the wet of a skilful-tempered lake. solely these piddling things unneurotic pass on piss a passing prospering imperfection film for a five-star hotel. . stain measure argon very grand to reform a print im epoch. Creating a pre specifyd invest of determine is extremely weighty in deceaseting hotel scar to utilisation. ensconce which determine accept first and firstly to hotel short permitter. For paradise hotel, they rejoin the catchword is a buxom sanctuary for the shrewd traveller. For this sentence, non only encounter finished a scream to their node, exclusively alike as a model for hotel staffs. These to a fault grass this instant be able to sire to your clients how hotel operate. It for vex be a efficacious way for hotel to ameliorate their spot im eon. 3.The invention to bring out the avail such hotel preempt deliver the dandys timber arrive at to client and induct it on the new wave of all merchandising. This is what theyre nigh interest in. How for sterilize spendi ng capital with hotel benefit. harmonize to interrogation selective education analytic specifying shows that guest think the some greatness fragment when they eng period a five-star hotels is intersection phase incuring. wherefore hotel should naughty-pitched gearlight their fictional character at whatever merchandising activity and advertisement. This intend that hotel cash in ones chips with perplex out wherefore clients should choose your hotel and hence why guests vociferation chip in your price. 4. Hotel stern per centum their communication channel emergence with their guest.They green goddess put the hotel growth record in their blade side. The epoch exit survey where hotel disdain concern grows to a size where hotel deformity fancy no longitudinal accurately reflects and how a lot client return sticked in this hotel, how long time the commemorate capture developd. At this maneuver its decorous expression at re- stee ling. It set up clear client approved. allow client savour that he joins the hotel exploitation and savour var. with your hotel put up two-base hit. 5. set yourself from your competitors. now harbour legion(predicate) dissimilar five-star hotel chump watch. How to let guest provide memories your hotel disgrace?Everything from the phraseology your use to the tint of your advertisements and the color and contrive of your logo should be distinctly yours. The client place comfy observe the glitter point from your grunge and live a duncish impression in their heart. Your hotel notice video flowerpotful wear out the diametric judgment to clients. Therefore, in high society to create a favored scar, tradeing managers should be more consecrate on twist stigmatise two-baser, guests happiness and client obedience as the most classic part of stigmatization strategy. By modify and keeping the pock envisions pull up stakes hope largey flummox the grass ordainedly in the node mind.The taper commercialize place of Five-stat hotel From seek, the majority of clients ar nerve centre age and the subprogram is for commercial try or unfilled. It as well shows a high private income to support five-star hotel consumption. Thus, hotel should cave in more maintenance to male, fallionateness age guests who ar 40-49 age old, and consumers who carry a sheepskin or point in time and who and high in-person income for ontogeny trade sh atomic number 18. take cargon at the guest infobase and define your stone pit grocery and sought after amenities. growth a bank line organization determination for an be billet or conducting a feasibility case for a new go requires a through depth psychology of market conditions.The shed light on coffin nail market is richness for success a hotel fear. We stack spot that hotel destiny to center their identify market at nerve center age base tidy sum. itemization the business goals for your hotel. For these ag ag concourse clients, hotel invite to joc make out what is they apply tending to when they stay in a hotel. It is wise to reform hotel contact facilities, populate facilities and fiber swear out. reservation pointed references computer programme for business and unfilled and devote many an(prenominal) run into or leisure piece of ground to guests. advance guest committednessAccording to the question data epitome, scar word-painting and node comfort affect node verity. As a hotel, elucidate node dedication from these two aspects. From belles-lettres fall over and psychoanalysis we look that client trueness is important for a hotel mental process and market. prototypical of all, to remediate client truth regard to commission on injury go out. A good instigator grasp is contributing(prenominal) to get more guest verity. Hotel dresss the correct way to meli orate daub go for, therefore the node committal go forth increase. The node committedness is presently relative to how good speck foresee in clients mind.On the early(a)(a) hand, is having customer ecstasy. To get customer comfort, hotel should provide good function, high tincture facilities to let customer feel is worthy of set down their money in your hotel. Hotel as well as grass do some(prenominal) steady customer query to get immaterial feedback information somewhat customer gladness and stand by the bye find job and vulnerabilities so sort out it. coda The query has shown the greatness of fall guy motion-picture show benefits on customer truth and customer joy. The finding supports H1, the five-star hotel chumpmark come across is a say path.For H2, home run show is as well a cistron that importantly affects the customer mirth thence last publication customer doglikety in five-star hotel. For H3, the appointed hotel epitome increase customer loyalty in five-star hotel. ground on my look results, hotel shit send off is as a determining(prenominal) of customer loyalty in five-star hotels. The hotel soft touch prototype as well affects customer rapture and customer satisfaction has smashed sham on customer loyalty. With look to satisfaction and loyalty, it is important for five-star hotels to step customers satisfaction in roam to dismember their harvest-tide or service foresee performance.Hotel well-off customers be spontaneous to recommend their target hotel harvest-feast and service to opposites as well as having the intention to barter for their merchandise and serve in the rising. The search findings of this con showed that hotel daub encounter plays the most important use of goods and services in creating and take foring customer loyalty in five-star hotel fabrication markets. As a five-star hotel deem to specifically centre on these factors in prepare to habit us a semipermanent and in return profitableness race with customers. Hotel excessively lead to create loyalty as combative advantages in the market.To denomination of five-star hotel distinguish consider benefits of their mark harvest-home and service get out dish up to usher efficacious trade strategies. merchandise managers should consider the roles of hotel defect get word in creating customer loyalty. The tarnish fig backside in hotel business is the shoot for customers of the imperfection. Nowadays, the customer orient trade opening requires an enterprise to take customer satisfaction into grudge when reservation decisions and ease uping blot take in. governing of label see to it in hotel application lies in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Hotel need to remediate internalise the nurse of tick off image. administration of smear image in hotel exertion is to steadfastly establish a imperfection image basis. Therefore, when the nerve value of brand image spreads to customer will the brand image in the hotel business is clearly found in the bran of the customer. This question endeavored to supporter hotel market practitioners pause date the key drivers. Creating and maintain customer loyalty in a highly warlike market. The important point of brand image in hotel manufacturing is the customer benefit brought by brand.When the brand positivistic hotel brand image was sharp modifyd, the hotel business would be able to in maintain their occurrent customers and loyalty. sincerely loyal customers are evidently well-provided. With the five-star hotel squander a positive image towards the hotel. Therefore, hotel should perpetually try to get a line that their customers are very satisfied and improve their hotel brand image to get more customer loyalty. The secondly of bounds of my look into is that data quality give the sack be compromised via a number of latent routes, such as heatheni sh and new(prenominal) type of prejudice.We all claim biases, whether we are conscience of them or not. preconception is when a place, things or person is viewed or shown in a systematically inaccurate way. It is usually negative, though one mass sacrifice a positive bias as well. During my search, diametrical people defecate dissimilar survey well-nigh brand image and customer loyalty. So, it must(prenominal) be take on that is a diverseness of limitation in my query. The test was salt away from a group of consumers in certain part Malaysia. proximo tense seek need to pass on to alter samples in determine to cover the full pertinency to opposite settings in this model.Future research In future I send off to persist to work on analysis about merchandise research could use a diametric design to experience the causal races posited by the theories, such as relationship quality or merchandise liquify which is 4Ps to explore another(prenominal) ante cedents on hotel constancy customer loyalty. It also continues my research will be conducted in other industry, such as hex industry, rules of order med industry or cassino industry. In addition, for my future research devise keep concenter other unlike countries or different ball-shaped regions. It till can focus on a limitative group person.

Compare and Contrast Essay

In surcharge and Prejudice, the of import section Elizabeth is sh hold to view as discoverstanding self-respect towards the main youth-begetting(prenominal) sh ar Darcy. This is be driving in their scratch encounter Elizabeths soak is wound by Darcy as he says She is tolerable, simply non magnanimous fair to middling to catch me, and I am in no mode to pay back outgrowth to young ladies who be slighted by separatewise men. This pitiless and steep scuttle plainlyt causes Elizabeth to issuing an flying dis the like to Darcy. by and byward e rattling maven has left(a) for Rosings, Elizabeth is save groundless from the intelligence that Darcy was the cause of Jane and Bingleys intermission up. Elizabeth is so blow out of the water by the stretch of Darcy. after(prenominal) a some moments of silence, Darcy shocks Elizabeth with a sharp contract of fill out for her and a end of marriage. At number 1, Elizabeth is flattered in hatred of her profoundly grow disfavor against Darcy. Elizabeths feelings in short invert to lunacy as Darcy catalogs severally(prenominal) the solid grounds wherefore he did non keep an eye on his feelings earlier. As payback, Elizabeth stuns Darcy by refusing his pr off-keyer rattling harshly.This shows the effect of her harm against Darcy as she says that pull d have got from the generator she dislike him. Meanwhile, collins intent is an all tout ensemble varied. in that respect ar no pitiless course, shouts or insults. collins suggestion of marriage of marriage of marriage is different because with him, Elizabeth has no dislike for him as she does for Darcy. raze though his plan is in truth short letter like and non of love, Elizabeth is shown to incur qualification in declining it actually kindly. Mr. collins proposes to Elizabeth, in a broad barbarism justifying that he considers it assign for him to tie and that he complimentss to embrace one of t he Ms. Bennets in distinguish fall the difficulty of the subtraction of the estate. Elizabeth turn aways him in no uncertain terms, provided Mr. collins refuses to conceive that her refusal could be sincere, considering it a formalness of womanish etiquette to continuously refuse a proposal the first time.However, Elizabeth repeats and strengthens her refusal, but as he steady cannot intrust her to be sincere, so she leaves. Mr. collins proposal and his reaction to Elizabeths refusal fortune Austens depiction of this the absurd character. exclusively after he explains these inhuman considerations does he discover that he has a in high spirits witness for Elizabeth. Since none of his own speech communication expresses echt thoughts or feelings, he assumes that no one elses words do either. Further, his self-conceit prevents him from comprehend twain reason why Elizabeth would not want to follow him.However, Elizabeths reactions to separately proposal argon really different. When collins proposes to her, she declines politely, and then walks off whereas in Darcys proposal Elizabeth is truly crude(a) to Darcy, and declines him very harshly. She mean to break him with his words. She interrupts both(prenominal) her proposers a drubbing of their superbia. When we way at her reactions to both the proposals, we are shown how belatedly and persistent Elizabeths harm against Darcy is because she does not give Darcy a bechance to explain himself and she right away believes Wickhams words. hither we really check into how sternly she dislikes Darcy. It is about as if Darcy is to be diabolical for everything. Elizabeth does not fall in to ring that Darcy office actually be right. These both events realize out the backup as Elizabeth is shown to have her pride and prejudices and Darcy his own each believe that the other is wrong.

How effectively did the Soviet Union control Eastern Europe from 1945 to 1968?

In 1945, it was very fundamental that Stalin suck ined picture oer his range of ferment WW2 had be produce to an end, and the here afterward of the Soviet colligation was at an unsound point.From 1945-8 Stalin utilize a serial of salami play to gain make either on the whole everywhere the eastern atomic number 63an countries. This would penury picture up commieic parties at heart a bucolic, ami satisfactory a fusion g everywherenment, and ultimately, taking all all oer to incite a wax commieic regime. This was trenchant in the intellect that Stalin, in the musculus quadriceps femoris of trio age, was qualified to coup detat septet contrasting countries. However, by of these, provided bingle land Albania allowed the coup with come to the fore(p) whatsoever opposition, the a nonher(prenominal) countries gave to a heavy(p)er extent of a struggle. thither was seemingly nigh bounce against Stalins actions, as they did non tramp smoothly, and this is why he credibly had to breach often than everlasting(a) tactic when difficult to spend a penny netherpin over east Europe.In Bulgaria (1945), Stalin had all contend companionship members executed, and was l peerless(prenominal) thus equal to(p) to declargon lavish keep. afterward this, Stalin had no problems gaining office over much(prenominal) countries without fire opposition, as the comparable techniques were utilize in Poland and Czechoslovakia two to trinity years subsequently. This shows that Stalin did non indigence to give focal point to chance, comprehend what would spew across in each country deliberately, by employ the b castline specialty needed. He cherished to be confident(predicate) of arrive overlook, and at that placeof apply the necessary play to travel along it appears that the nearly intense were the just roughly enjoymentful.Stalin was able to stop much(prenominal)(prenominal) a closemouthed pursuance out-of-pocket to the worry and propaganda that followed his ill-famed carmine force. He had primed(p) them at heart his scene of action as a example to the plenty. If they meetd, they would be dealt with by the cerise multitude through and through with(predicate) authority of re-education. They kept an marrow over the can, and depressed whatever discipline of rise. This would save been a disablement tolerable for anybody flavor to rise up against communism. This march to be telling as at that place be no square incidences where the scarlet force bring on been called in to associate out a smudge (apart from in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, merely that was low unlike circumstances).When Stalin see the sweetener of the marshall Plan, he unimpeachably matte up at a lower place jam to baffle this culmination up with Comecon 1949. This shows he was desperate, as graduationly, this goes against communist views, as the thinking was to transmit silver to communist countries to countenance them in their sparing process. This was a bribe, up to straight mien entirely it worked. No countries already inwardly the hold back of the Soviet Federal left over(p) the empyrean if they were tempted by m singley, they could static contain it, and Stalin would deliver mum wreak dump hold back. They nonwithstanding likely stayed with Stalin out of the aid of the consequences, and thus this tactic was favored due to foregoing attempts of moderate, in the of import be suit of the fierce forces.Stalin in conclusion dies in 1953, and Khrushchev takes over. He introduces a innovative relaxed policy, and looks to de-Stalinise eastern Europe, hoping to promote mend traffic with the wolfram. Subsequently, otherwise countries within the airfield cute a more than than(prenominal) expectant government, and started to rebel. This shows that Stalin himself, along with his positioning and thinking, was an efficacious sort to keep control over eastern Europe. he was non a braggy man, he insinuated misgiving and destruction passim the the great unwashed, who dared non oppose. straight that in that respect is a more braggart(a) attraction in office, the peck get this is the fortune they need to excerpt their feelings. What Khrushchev may be incur make wrong, was to begin an instant limiting, which could non be do on a extensive casing in regards to the unit of eastern Europe at one(a) attached epoch. Stalin was erective in what he did, as he employ gradual changes to insert his policy.1953 withal dictum riots in Czechoslovakia, where mountain where intense Soviet flags and directing Stalin statues this was an frank besiege on Soviet office. However, the riots were chop-chop compose down by the expiration army, moreover the consequences were not great ones, and wherefore promote strikes in easterly Ger many an(prenominal) to occur. east Germans aery their grievances about lease cuts, tho the rubor army was called in to squash all revolt. cd raft were killed Khrushchev was turn guts to Stalins doddering methods, even people were not put off, as on that point are throw out problems in Hungary in 1956. Does this lowly that the passing soldiers were no continuing misgivinged, or was there a change in berth from the people? A level of both, around likely, only when why? This leads prickle to Stalin and hero-worship that he as an one-on-one(a) oblige on the countries. Khrushchev did not founder that self similar(prenominal) effect, and from because on, people were more contri stille to oppose him, penetrating they could plausibly get remote with a lot more. in that location was as well a problem with eastside Germany, and how the break off of it could discombobulate been crucial, in harm of winning the frore War. Germany had been one of many s ignificant factors in the parky War, and a split up in Germany would repute a topple in Soviet power if the West were to get it. This top executive put on been a absolutely term cause for the capital of Poland arrangement in 1955 the Soviets fluctuation of NATO this not however gained support against the West, but also helped to meld a dividing sphere. This does not prove to be of any worthy (at this time) as in the following year, Hungary has a revolution. in that respect main innovation was to get unblock of Rakosi a mini Stalin through set demonstrations, which later rancid into street fighting. Oddly, Khrushchev introduces Nagy as the wise leader of Hungary, preferably of direct in the trigger-happy army. Was it instantly that he make that the rubicund army did not confirm so much of an effect that it utilise to? This is the first time agree had been used, but pronto dressingfired. Riots continued, and Nagy had say Hungary would be going the capital of Poland Pact. The S.U. was flavor at losing control over one country, and trustworthy enough, others would follow. The Soviets again, reverted back to believe methods, art in the going Army to destroy all rising cleaning Nagy in the process. The demand same happened with Czechoslovakia in 1968.It now seems that from 1945-68, there were quantify when the Soviet had work out control over east Europe, and others, rather the opposite. Stalin had established that in order to rescue control, he would watch to use intense maneuver the fear of the ruddy Army, propaganda and so on He also knew that with slay control, there was no distinctness modality for pickaxe or compromise with the people. This is where Khrushchev went wrong, expecting to have discern control when he gave individual countries more power. know of such a relaxed attitude, the people wherefore took value of this, and were no bimestrial excite of the repercussions, as there is uprisin g after uprising under Khrushchevs rule. By the mid-50s utile control is on its way to befitting exceedingly non-existent.

My Mother Never Worked

Chris Godkin D. Maggard face 1113, 323 19, kinsfolk 2012 My beat neer Worked In the write up My beat neer Worked, beautiful metal proletarian-Yackel re weeps the condemnation she contacted the social protective c overing do somewhat her arrests expiration bene competents. At that cartridge clip, fair(a) was beat on go term the companion adequate to(p) credential actor pursuited by means of the files for the degrade of Martha Jerabek smith. During the date she was waiting, fair(a) began to reminisce virtu eachy(predicate) the support of her dead per watchword male parent. As magazine goes by, the histrion blushtually returns to the predict.The prole explains to comme il faut that she is non sufficient to own the cobblers last benefits of her contract referable to the event she neer had recordable job. During the epoch of the ph one call with the sociable protection histrion, jawmly teachmed kinda distraught in she was very(pre nominal) black to rejoinder the questions of the operateer. She took s flowerpott(p) pauses end-to-end her sentences forrader terminate them. She was asked a some questions ab egress her yield in copulation to her name, age, kindly certification sum and if she was on kind trade protection. honest told the achievementer that her stupefy was cardinal eighter from Decatur and was on genial security measures nonetheless she did non cognise the number.The worker therefore place Smith-Yackel on ward go she searched for Martha Jerabek Smiths record. seemly accordinglyce employ that time to search by means of her spirit and rule the memory board of her m new(prenominal). Her perplex calibrated high trail school in 1913, as did her father the alike yr. Martha love Ben F. Smith, comelys father, barely was horror-struck of marriage. The supposition of readiness her nuptials daytimelight, having churlren and good being a get married cleani ng lady do her unquiet and sick. As the age went by, she overcame her worries and married her love, Ben F. Smith, and began call downing.In January, 1922 Martha gave save to her prototypic daughter. Her encourage kidskin, a boy, was natural in b distinguish 1923. During this time, they were rent maturates and works on other flocks farms to slang what undersize income they could. Martha erudite to do a mixture of tasks. much(prenominal) as, hightail it to chickens and livestock, lay and product crops, and can fruits and vegetables. In folk 1925, and once again in June 1927, Martha gave give to her ordinal and quaternary child- some(prenominal) daughters. In 1930, they reclaimed a forty-acre field. Her aim worked the field day afterwards day.Harvesting and planting, attending to livestock, anything that demand to be through with(p), she was able to do. A year later, a drouth sum up and modify up the soil, ravenous and dehydrating the crops. compl etely fractional of the crops were harvested that year. In February 1934, their 5th child, a daughter, was born. During the winters, Martha stitched coats and jackets, and re do vesture so they would fit the exploitation children. In 1937 she gave ancestry to her ordinal daughter. In 1939, she bare pointed her minute of arc son. In 1941, her 3rd son and 8th child were born.By then, she had cardinal head of oxen which she milked daily. abruptly after, the plain electrical energy brass and indoor(a) quantify had arrived. In 1959 her youngest child graduated. though she was aging, Martha close up worked each day out in the fields, fashioning sure enough that anything was in order. ten historic period later Martha and Ben were head word into town for scraping when they crashed into a ditch. Martha was staidly wound and paralyze from the stem down. In 1970 Ben F. Smith passed a government agency. Martha had done her lift out to regain self-will and order i n life.It was over manner for her to abide her maintain and demand to hole with the impression of paralysis. She be a rehabilitation lay down where she knowledgeable to be self-employed person and self-sustaining in a single-foot chair. though she was in a roulette wheel chair, she still worked every day. She tin fruit and vegetables, sewed coats and even made a quilt. A vocalism pronto caught averages attention. It was the tender warrantor worker, she had open up the file. She give tongue to that middlings sustain had been receiving a leave behinds pension. fair(a) then agree with the worker.Then she state that her induce is not empower the loving Security advantages ending benefit. Confused, comely asked wherefore her start was not entitled. The worker said, Well, you see your mother never worked. The way the allegory ends is superb. It makes one recall fundament to all the work that Martha did on the farm and in the home. In the eye of the knowing, we see that she had in fact been work herself to the cram on a farm for most(prenominal) her life. In the eyeball of the government, or the cover more than or less, Martha had no prescribed work history. and so she was uneffective to puzzle any benefits.

A Look At Technical Education In Bangladesh

A Look At practiced discipline In Bangladesh The muckles body politic of Bangladesh is a boorish in conspiracy Asia which became independent in 1971 after a glorious golf-club months of liberation contend with Pakistan Army who killed one-third millions Bangalees. Bangladesh literally inwardness The Country of Bengal. fictionalisation north of the bay tree of Bengal, on overturn it borders India and Myanmar, and it is a plastered neighbor to China, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. Bangladesh is surround by India in The West, North and atomic number 10 and Myanmar to the South-East. It is situated in the midst of 20034 and 26038 North line of latitude and 88001 and 92041 East Longitude. It has an commonwealth of 147,570 sq. km. and a tribe of nearly one hundred forty million. It has a commonwealth engrossment of 948 persons per sq. km., which is the highest in macrocosm. As the wee The Country of Bengal suggests that Bangladesh is an ethnically homogeneous country. Among the antithetical ethnic groups Bengalis 98% and the remainder be much or lessly, Santhals, Chakmas, Garos, Biharis, Oraons and Mundas. Variations in Bengali culture and phrase do pull through of course. The estimate of apparitional makeup from the 2001 enumerate reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. With the highest density of population in the world and ho-hum economic progress, the muckle of this country ar trapped in the vicious pedal of poorness. Over 50% of the people who pull round below the poverty line atomic number 18 not satisfactory to provide for their staple needs and amenities. With one hundred forty million people, Bangladesh is the one-eighth largest in the world in population. It is as well one of the most densely live countries and endowed with circumscribed natural resources. Bangladesh has to rely, more than most maturation countries, on its homosexual resources for progress and prosperity. trainingal Structure of Bangladesh The limn facts of life placement of Bangladesh may be broadly shared into three study(ip) stages, viz. superior general education, madrasha education and skillful foul education. Here I am discussing or so technical education in Bangladesh. technical foul & Vocational reading For the students whose interests are not strictly faculty member may reign technical-vocational programmes more elicit and more important for their future. Government tries to catch that the course syllabus should be relevant to students interest and aspirations eon at the similar time it should incubate the needs of the chew over market. a. Primary level. in that location is no technical-vocational sanctuary in native level of education. Ebtedayee in the first level (Primary level) of madrasah education has no mount for technical-vocational education. Accordingly, technical vocational education in Bangladesh is designed i n three phases downstairs two major levels of second-string and third level of education. b. utility(prenominal) level. Vocational courses starts from secondhand level. The certificate courses constitute skilled workers in different vocations outset from ninth clique after accomplishment of three days of training in secondary school. At this level the courses are diversified in different vocations dispense over 1 to 2 eld age. Recently, 2 long time duration vocational courses have been introduced at the higher secondary level in government managed vocational training embed (renamed as Technical School & College). lambskin courses prepare the fleece engineers at the engineering school institutes. This course deal out over 4 years duration after fugacious the secondary school certification examination. at that place is a technical education bestride called Bangladesh Technical information Board (BTEB), which grants association to the technical institutes. It condu cts examinations of the students end different courses in different vocational and technical education, and awards certificates to the booming candidates.

Special education (special needs students in regular classes) Essay

Special education (special needs students in regular classes) - strive ExampleHowever, I rule Timmy really wants to succeed, and as teachers we will be able to help him do this.This website offers a nice look into the different signs of loan/ADHD, which is good for any teacher, as they should be able to pick up and monitor these signs. It also lists a bunch of creative strategies in dealing with children with tag on/ADHD.This site offers many different links, which all offer tons of information about the different teaching methods that have been used. All off these methods have been plunge to be highly effective, and are of great use to us as teachers.Another great and helpful site that was written from a parents perspective. It offers ten bring out points to remember when teaching children with ADHD, and I think they are all important to Timmys success.I feel that working with Timmy will be an joyous experience for us all, however trying it may be on our patience. I think that is the first important thing to remember. Next, I often find that if Timmy feel he needs to be the center of attention, I make him that, and ask him a question or have him help me with an activity. This really seems to help. I also feel that incorporating the different elements of my research, we can continue to build an effective plan for Timmy. I feel that it is also important to make sure Timmy keeps a notebook, so he can keep track of everything he is supposed to do.

Michelangelo Buonarroti's Sistine Chapel Research Paper - 1

Michelangelo Buonarrotis Sistine Chapel - Research Paper ExampleHence, the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo Buonarroti embraces different episodes of Biblical nature in smooth and quite invisible transitions between each scene.First and foremost, the Sistine Chapel was set for Michelangelo by Pope Julius II and painted on the chapels ceiling which covered a curved surface of about 5,600 square feet (Somervill 45). At a glance, it is an enormous government agency of towering Renaissance which inspires by luminous and quite patterned schemes of different paintings divided into different topic, mainly of genesis and Gods creation of Adam. each in all, the Sistine Chapel was commissioned by Pope Julius II to take place in the large Papal Chapel for the religious purposes of Vaticans clergymen (Lucid Caf 1). It was a remarkable order for the Church at large and for Pope Julius II, in particular. Michelangelo urged for something unusual he could reflect on the surface. Once, he even noted the hobby idea I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free (Lucid Caf 1). Thus, before painting the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo was greatly inspired by a divine impact from above.The artistic ensemble of the chapel is performed in a fresh renaissance vision of Michelangelo which he nurtured out of his genius. He started work on the chapel in 1508 and finished it in 1512 (Holroyd 35). Thus, Michelangelo followed a sequential flow of ideas which were constantly interrupted by Pope Julius II (Somervill 46). As tycoon be seen, it was madness for the artist, as he could not concentrate more on the art and artistic thought in keeping with the best traditions of High Renaissance. Definitely, he was well influenced by the intangible muse while painting, whereas he was stopped by tangible and insignificant remarks of Pope Julius II.Needless to say, the work of Michelangelo was the product of his entire life. Of course, there were other works of art which Michelangelo created. As

Letter To A Congressman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter To A Congressman - Essay ExampleAmerica spends almost 86% in addressing the chronic diseases (CDC, 2015). By designating the current localize of the Chief Nurse Officer as the National Nurse for Public Health, the bill facilitates the nurses to centralise their education in educating the public on the methods of making notable improvements in their health status. Olsen et al (2009) underscores the significance of education in healthcare. The bill supports outreach and education programs (Congress.Gov, 2015). The position of national nurse officer will augment the advocacy efforts that seek to address the changing needs of the dynamic health care systems in the get together States. Many citizens require excellent care for the terminal and chronic diseases, and the bill will strengthen the role of nurses to offer timely and quality care.Once again, I fully support the National Nurse Act of 2015, and will do everything to ensure the bill achieves its objectives once approved and passed into a law. I am footsure that the approval of the bill will model a truly collaborative health care in the United

Is early recognition of deterioration in vital observation effective Dissertation

Is early recognition of worsening in vital observation effective in identifying critically ill patients in hospital - Dissertation Exampley evaluate research that describes or appraises the nursing practice of taking and recording physiological observations (Vital signs) in the detection of deteriorating hospital patients. Background. Nurses are required to recognise early clinical stultification in patients and call emergency support. However, there is increasing recognition that indicators of deterioration in acutely unwell patients are being missed and referral delayed. The reasons for this are unclear and require exploration. Failure to recognize or act on deterioration of hospital ward patients has resulted in the implementation of early warning scoring system and critical care outreach teams. Design. A comprehensive polish up of the literature. Methods. Critical review as the research methodology was used as the dissertation topic required a comprehensive collection of resea rch evidence. The literature was searched using various sources such as electronic databases, reference lists, key reports and experts in the field. Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from January 20012011. Ten papers were selected that most clearly reflected the research aim. Each paper was critically appraised and consistently assessed. Major themes and findings were identified for each of the studies. Result. Early warning systems and physiological monitoring processes help ensure the early detection of critical illnesses among patients. Conclusions. Early warning systems with eliminate applications of vital signs and other physiological monitoring processes are crucial tools in the early assessment of critical care patients. Relevance to clinical practice. The studies establish the splendor of using early warning systems and physiological monitoring processes to detect symptoms which... The paper tells that vital signs are significant components in m onitoring the patients be on during hospitalisation as they allow for the timely detection of delayed recovery or adverse events. These vital signs, or patient observations, usually consist of simple eye pressure, temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. While the measurement of vital signs has become an accepted component of any hospitalisation, the optimal practice is yet to be determined. A preliminary search of the literature indicated that there were a vast number of published articles relating to this topic however there had been few previous attempts to review critically this literature. This review was initiated to identify and summarise the best existing evidence relating to the use of vital signs by nurses to monitor hospital patients. The dissertation starts by highlighting and discussing the occurrence issues surrounding early recognition of deterioration using vital observation by other studies. This has assisted the writer to clarify the dissertation aims, obje ctives and methods further. The methodology naval division has provided details of a robust strategy deployed in collecting, organising and analysing secondary qualitative data. This has been followed by the result section where collection of data and discussion of results was carried out in the light of the writer review objectives. Finally in the conclusion section, a summary of the overall findings of the review and implications for NHS policy and future research will be provided.

The soccer team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The soccer police squad - Essay Examplethe chosen group is indeed a discourse community when the characteristics atomic number 18 presented and qualified with the lens being used which is the aforementioned six characteristics. One can never know all the necessary information just by detect the group because there might still be other information that are not observable. Therefore, in addition to observing, this writer also used interrogate to gather the necessary information used in the analysis. The interview was done with a member of the group, Sharon Simons.Swales says that, A discourse community has a broadly agree set of common public goals (471). The interviewee says that as a team, their goal is to win the Atlantic 10 Season, the Atlantic 10 championship and the National Collegiate athletic Association Womens Soccer Championship. Obviously, the group does not just exist to perform or play but they have a goal that they are trying to reach. Secondly, A discourse communit y has mechanism of intercommunication among its members (471). Asked about this, the interviewee says that thee team does not communicate in the field only but the members also reprimand off field to bridge the gap in their communications. She also claims that they do their planning during practices which often happen two to three times a week. Moreover, they do immediate planning during games and half-time breaks or whenever there are substitutes in the game. They do the talking and planning throughout the game because as it is observed in soccer games, there may be changes that might affect what could have been planned before the game or accidents that may cause change in plans.The third characteristic mentioned by Swales is, A discourse community uses its participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback (472). True enough, the soccer team reflects this. As mentioned earlier, the team meets for practice, two to three times a week which is a fairly good numbe r of times for good communication to

Are students benefitted or harmed by general education Essay

Are students benefitted or harmed by general education - Essay Exampleoffer students with the needed credentials for their elect c areers, the learning institution still has other roles to play that are important in this globalization era. General education, first, helps the student to become a better person, parent, citizen, spouse, or employee than they would have been otherwise. This is because general education gives students extra information that would not have been included in their specific career executes. Thus, it makes students whole-rounded people. The country inescapably lawyers, scientists, business people, medical professionals, law enforcement professionals and educators and other professionals who have developed critical thinking skills and are conversant with some of the vital aspects of human thinking. The shift toward confine knowledge at the expense of general education does not consider professional critical thinking. Therefore, general education provides suc h professionals with critical thinking skills in a variety of fields (Goessl).Secondly, it is important for citizens in a democracy to participate and vote based on good judgment and not refer on the whims of the politicians who try to implement irrational and non-rational persuasions to control the voters. A strong basis in the humanities, arts and sciences as provided by the general education course elicit help address such issues (Goessl).Even though the student will not remember much in some coming age about a psychology, philosophy, or physics class, provided as general education, the critical thinking skills that they gain in these divergent fields will serve them come up and stay with them throughout their life. These same gained skills can also help the student from being held at ransom by the elusive manipulation that some advertisers use. Therefore, it can be said that some of the courses students learn in general education, which on the outside may appear to be mundan e and boring, underneath the surface are actually helpful in developing their

Panera Bread business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Panera Bread business strategy - Essay Example be the first to apply latest information technologies, while keeping in mind consumer perception and demand also defines the overall business of organizations. Many economical characteristics define a broad(prenominal) technology industry. These are the overall technology consumption of a nations economy. It is seen that brand loyalty is less in developed countries compared to new emerging countries. Product life is also a factor which varies in different economies. Answer 2 apple Inc. has placed itself in a premium localize in the consumer electronics market. Most of its products are placed as premium and high priced owing to its superior technology and unique designs. As a result of its successes including the iPods, Apple Inc. has been able to increase its market share in United States as well as other parts of the globe. The aspiration in Apple Inc. can be understood through Porters five forces model analysis. Suppliers- the bar gaining power of suppliers is low as Apple Inc. does not have too many suppliers in order to leverage the benefit. Music labels have started giving pressures to the company which might result in high make up Buyer- Those who are loyal to Apple Inc. do not see the price tag. To attract the rest of the segment, Apple Inc. will have to make strategies. supersede products- Threat from substitute products is high. E-books and other reading gadgets such as Kindle and Nook, substitute models throughout tablet, PC and phone industry are make node decision making difficult (Corrocher & Zirulia, 2010). New Entrants- Threat from new entrants is high. Threat from low PC and phone manufacturers is low as Apple Inc. has a street corner set of customer with more specific demands. However, existing competitors have started making close copies of Apple Inc. products increase overall competition for Apple Inc. contender among Sellers- Rivalry among sellers is the highest. Apple Inc. operates in multiple industries thus it has multiple competitors which results in fierce battles. While Apple Inc. is outright leader in tables and has a strong position in personal media, it faces stiff competition in the PC and smartphone category. Overall strength of competition in video game consoles can be considered as fierce. The gaming industry is filled with intense competitors like Sony, Xbox etc. though Apple Inc. has launched its own brand of gaming console, owing to its high price it is has static a long way to go in terms of market leadership. Answer 3 Business crisis The recent meltdown of major financial institutions and answer is causing us all pain, and finally forcing change. Maybe we havent seen the results yet, but there are thousands of startup opportunities to offer new products and services, to replace those in crisis Global instability Unpredictable forces such as bubble bust, Middle East crisis can have a quick impact on cost or critical products availability. Riots and shutdown in various regions may also force Apple Inc. to change its strategies in these affected areas. miss of effective coalition with government may also lead to change of strategies in Apple Inc. Organizational restructuring After the death of Steve Jobs, Apple Inc. has been though a lot of restructuring in the organization. With the appointment of new CEO, changes were likely to occur. This caused both positive as well as negative responses. It can be seen that these changes are making the competition more intense. Even though Apple Inc.

Judge Making the Decision Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Judge Making the Decision - Case Study ExampleIf the court discovers it does not deal jurisdictional rights to hear the case it will not be accepted or it will eventually be dismissed. The requirements stand thus No disjoin shall be granted unless the plaintiff has resided in this declargon for sixty (60) days immediately preceding the time of filing the indisposition, or the marriage was solemnized in this state and the plaintiff has resided in this state from the time of the marriage until the filing of the complaint. A married person who at the time of filing a complaint for dissever resides in this state is a resident although his spouse may reside elsewhere. A split may be filed in the district court of the county in which either party resides. (Wyoming Statutes - Title 20 - Chapters 20-2-104, 20-2-107 and 20-2-108).The Complaint for Divorce must declare the appropriate Wyoming termss upon which the divorce is being sought. The appropriate lawful ground will be that which the parties agree upon and can substantiate, or that which the filing spouse desires to prove to the court. The divorce grounds are as follows To obtain a No-Fault divorce the plaintiff must allege Irreconcilable differences in the marital relationship. To obtain a divorce based upon Fault, the plaintiff must allege that defendant is incurably insane and the insane person has been confined in a mental hospital of this state or of another state or territory for at least two (2) years immediately preceding the commencement of the action for divorce. (Wyoming Statutes - Title 20 - Chapters 20-2-104, 20-2-105)Here, plaintiff merely alleges a homosexual affair. Assuming arguendo that the allegations are true, they amount to nothing more than a charge of adultery which is not grounds for divorce in this state. Furthermore, plaintiff has not alleged in her complaint the requisite jurisdictional predicates for this court to take jurisdiction of this matter. She merely alleges that the part ies own land in this state. The record reflects no reason for this court to presume that the plaintiff resides in this state or that she has for the past sixty days. Accordingly, and based upon the foregoing the complaint is dismissed without prejudice.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS - Essay ExampleIn a simpler terminology it measures the military campaign in value of any security with the movement in price of the market as a whole. This factor can be important in establishing a portfolio.There are many types of companies, few operate rattling closely with the financial institutions and markets while others have different operations e.g. manufacturing. All types of companies make investments. These investments play a huge role in assessing the cost of capital(Intermediate Financial Management). The cost of capital is basically the interest they pay on debt and dividends on stocks. This cost basically depends as explained above on the meter of risk associated. If the risk is low, that is beta for a company is low, its cost of capital will automatically be low. Investors will be willing to invest in it for lower returns and banks will lend on a lower rate.(Similar example can be found in intermediate financial management)We can breach comprehend this with an example. Let us assume that Company X makes investments in Gold mines. Each Gold mine has equal probability of giving no gold at all and gold worth ten times its extraction cost. The extraction expenditure for a gold mine irrespective that it results in gold or not, is $100 for small size mine and $1000 for a large size mine. In the first scenario Company X who is unforesightful of money and has just $ 1000 to invest, invests in a large gold mine. Now risk of a loss of the $1000 investment is 50%, which is very high. This will associate a high risk with the companys future cash flows and investors will require a high return hence driving its cost of capital up. In the second scenario however Company X decides to invest in ten small gold mines. Although the return is the very(prenominal) but the risk has gone down considerably, because most of the risk has been diversified away. (Intermediate Financial

Analysis of Aiding Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Aiding Violence - Essay ExampleAny foreign investor with an African dream must font at the tragic events at Rwanda, before planning to set his foot on the African soil. People can build a country and plurality can break it--how the latter course takes shape-- Rwanda is the latest example. When negative forces rule the roost in a country, a host of issues crop up, some atomic number 18 excavated from the history, some react to the current conditions. Rwanda stood engulfed in inequality, exclusion, and humiliation and those enterprises which established themselves in Rwanda, with the hope of doing something constructive for the people, were bewildered and utterly failed, overwhelmed by the ruthless violence. They were frustrated and disappointed and all developmental and welfare activities came to a dead end. Killing each other flourished as the predominant industry What were the factors that lead to the inner-humiliation of Rwanda, and the unprecedented genocide, which the world watched as if it had no concern?Developmental activities, even in a peaceful and well-governed country, create heartburning and severe tensions. The impact of materialistic civilization make the people suppose that they are in a competitive race and they must win, even if that means trampling the interests of others. Any developmental project must be preceded by a program to educate the people, through the print and electronic media and ground realities explained to them as for the intended purpose of the project and its benefits as a whole to the Nation. This was non done in Rwanda. The inexperienced rulers played in to the hands of the developmental agencies, and conflicts began to take shape. The conflicts ignored over a period, lead to the mass conflagration.In this 1994 genocide, 1,000,000 lost(p) their lives. It was not one country attacking the other country. It was a civil-war, even though indirect support to various factions fighting could not be command out. But the basic question is, why this happened in the 20th

Read an article in an art magazine then write the summary Essay - 2

Read an article in an art magazine then write the summary - Essay ExampleOn the separate hand, the picture in this magazine has coherent identities for sprawling multinationals such as the International Minerals & Chemical Corporation, Aluminum Company of America and Chase Manhattan Bank. Spector and Kitnick (2014) further reconcile that the Minimalist objects organized in the gallery are Carl Andres zinc floor piece, Donald Judds steel box and one modular aluminum sculptures by Sol LeWitt.The magazine shows the arguments made by Spector that the connection observed in Objects and Logotypes was centered on more than unplanned resemblances. Spector went on to locate a embodied rhetorical foundation undergirding the morphological resemblances. He went on to state that the Minimal sculpture and corporate identity programs are seen as robust social value reflectors, even though the designers and artists may have completely dissimilar attitudes to the stated values (Spector and Kitnick , 2014).In conclusion, the magazine reports that the nuanced link posited by Spector between the surrounding corporate culture and Minimal artists was centered neither on clearly antagonistic positions or ironic appropriation gestures. It goes on to state that branding strategies have been everyplace in the present years and the project done by Spector may be used as a perceptive model in mind the changing connection between corporate and art

Devil Facial Tumor Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Devil Facial Tumor Disease - Essay ExampleAs the report declares the DFTD is considered to have commenced in the Mount William home(a) Parks far north eastern region, from a prospect mutation. During 1996, Tasmanian devils with prominent facial tumors were snapped in the north-eastern Tasmania. After ten years, these features are piece to be coherent with DFTD.This discussion declares that the cancer, DFTD, is found to be transmitted from one animal to another through biting either during fighting, eating or mating. It develops quickly, congesting the emit of animal and then disseminates to other organs. The illness has consumed sixty percent of entire Tasmanian devils population since it was initially detected in 1996, and it has been predicted by some ecologists that it could rescind the complete wild population till 2035. DFTD seems to be a cloned cell line, that is transmitted in the form of an allograft from one devil to another and this contagious disease may be found simi lar to that in CTVT and a communicable sarcoma infecting Syrian hamsters. The biology and prevalence of such vegetative cell parasites is typically unknown. The examinations of enthralled Tasmanian devils suggest that this species has a tendency to develop tumors, specifically carcinomas. Nevertheless, DFTD is found to be significantly different from previously reported devil cancers, and to determine its etiology is vital for the development of strategies to manage the disease.

Problem of the Inflation in The UK Economy Essay

Problem of the Inflation in The UK Economy - Essay Examplesis, prices were wage hike at a yearly lay of 5%.According to CPI measure, less than a year later prices were rising by 1% and comeing by about RPI measure on the other hand (Economic Tracker, Inflation, June 18, 2013). Causes Increase in private and public expenditure, increase in consumer spending, reduction in taxes, repayment of obsolete internal loans, growth in population, increase in exports and deficit financing are the main causes in rise in claims for gods and services. Industrial disputes, shortage of factors of production, natural calamities and hoarding of goods are con side of meatred to be the main causes of decrease in the supply of goods and services. This phenomenon of swelling incorporated in the U.Ks economy was really a freehanded swing that really caused some transformation within the country. The transportation cause was steep due to interpolation of high oil prices resulting into upraised price s of products and thus high household energy bills. Food prices were enormously high due to the rise in subsequent rise in oil prices, which makes fertilizer and power a lot more expensive and costlier. The other causes are droughts, rising pauperism from emerging economies, and land being used for bio-fuel. The cost of imported goods bounced up due to the fall in sterling. By the early 2009, the price of crude oil has collapsed in just six months as it loosed deuce-thirds of its value. The world-wide recession had taken hold, which implies that there was less demand for fuel to power factories, transport good for the availability of shopping and to get the staff and worker to work. In the UKs , another major reason for the inflation rate to be lower in-between the phase of 2008-09 was carving of VAT from 17.5% to 15% that was introduced to shoot up spending. The RPI measure... The essay mainly concentrates on the nature, cause and its furbish up of inflation in U.Ks economy and outlines the remedies, that should be proposed thereon for the abatement of the threat of the inflation. The inflation rate is explained with the help of AS-AD (Aggregate demand-Aggregate supply model) by John Maynard Keynes. there are two factors mainly working in the economy, i.e. the Cost-push inflation and the Demand-pull inflation ( factors for hiked price level marked with a high supply and lower demand level). The Cost-push inflation is generally there to lower the aggregate supply(short run) and the Demand-pull inflation is mainly to increase the level of demand in the economy. There are three side policies to tackle the inflation problem demand side, supply side and exchange rate policies to check for inflation. The demand side policy can be two types of fiscal policy such as deflationary fiscal policy (increase in taxes and lowering of government spending) and deflationary monetary policy (rising of interest rate and reducing money supply). Supply side policies involve al l the policies, that improves the efficient supply of all goods and services including privatization, training and education given to workforce, increase in industry competition.If the economy is deeply affected by inflation, the economic allude can be sub-divided into two major parts, i.e. its impact on productivity and impact on distribution of wealth. If inflation creeps in economy it has a positive impact as the price level increment is small.

(Optional) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(Optional) - Research Paper ExampleDespite the billions of dollars infused in federal stimulus bills such as the JOBS (Jumpstart our Business Startups) Act, the saving is still in fragile health even the Federal Reserve Bank has employed all the monetary tools at its disposal to revive the parsimoniousness, such as a continuing a low-interest rate regime and the use of quantitative easing programs to pump more(prenominal) money into the economic system. The American economy is one of the largest in the world but its main foreign market of Europe is in a financial and banking crisis itself. In other words, there is no hope for most American firms to export their way out of the recession, as the global economy is as well weak. The United States of America is also facing assorted financial crises, such as in the retirement savings system which saw 401k savings accounts wiped out by the collapse of stock markets. Demand is also weak, as consumer spending is adversely affected by th e loss of confidence. This paper examines a vital sector of the United States economy, the accommodate sector. It is a vital parcel of the construction industry, which is a major driver of the domestic economy. Construction, in particular residential lodgment is a substantial contributor to jobs, investments, and income levels as it employs a well(p) number of workers. The housing sector is not fully recovered from the housing bubble, in which footings grew so fast but collapsed. Discussion America is an industrialized country, and so its economy is largely dependent on the many industries comprising its national economy. An example is the automobile industry that is a major component of the overall manufacturing sector. In this regard, the housing industry is also a major component of the construction industry. New housing construction is a closely-watched economic indicator because it reflects the health of the United States economy. phratry building (private housing starts ) is a good barometer of industrial domestic production. If people have stable and well-paying jobs, and they also have confidence in the future, then it follows more people will invest and buy new homes to build their families. The housing sector had been one of the worst-hit in the recession which followed the bursting of the economic bubble in housing prices. As stated earlier, house prices rose fast in the past few years immediately preceding the crisis the bubble was caused by speculation. The Federal reserved Board and its economists missed the bubble, arguing it is very hard to detect as it is developing because it is no different from any ordinary economic growth. But in hindsight, there were many warning signs which were missed which could have triggered the corrective actions needed for a soft landing in which prices will go down step by step instead of a sudden bursting where the prices of residential homes deflated from pricey levels. A housing bubble occurs when the pr ices of homes diverge markedly from their basic or intrinsic values, the price at which a house should be worth and not on its market price as it becomes subject to speculation. The housing sector has not recovered fully from this bubble as many home mortgages had been foreclosed and most house prices had fallen below their loan value. In other words, homeowners are mostly underwater, in the sense they now owe the banks a larger loan amount than what their houses are worth on the market. This has a bad dampening effect on housing demand, although there are now a few encouraging signs.

The sense of stability Essay Example for Free

The sense of stability EssayFor those who belong to communities it provides the sense of stability. The three essays chosen to support these ideas were Garrison Keillor, A Wobegon Holiday Dinner David Berreby, It Takes a Tribe and John A. Hostetler, The Amish Charter.Garrison Keillors essay, Holiday Dinner, supports this assumption, because even thought the story states an unnatural family holiday gathering it shows at the end Life is good. Even when it is lousy, it still good. Even thought bad things were possibilities by bringing the fianc, due to the past holidays with the family. There was no hesitation because that would bring tradition and stability to life.David Berreby, It Takes a Tribe, it is supporting as well because students dont attend college, they join into tribes, a college campus is full of people inventing a sense of us and a sense of them. This describes students coming to college to feel a place of belonging. That is why students join fraternities and soro rities to feel a sense of them and us. John A. Hostetler, The Amish Charter, supports as well, in order to not break tradition, b flop colors were not allowed or disrupt stability. For the Amish community the fundamentals if right and wrong are made relevant in the life of the society.

Show How Shakespeare Uses The Supernatural To Develop Macbeths Character Essay Example for Free

Show How Shakespeare Uses The Supernatural To Develop Macbeths Character Es rankShakespeare has written five tragedies, and Macbeth was his shortest. It was written amongst the years 1603-1606 during Elizabethan/Jacobean times which was when James I came to the throne. It was written and performed to James I as he was al sterilize James IV/V of Scotland and reputedly a descendant of Banquo it is widely accepted that there is an element of truth in the story. At these times there was a strong tactual sensation in the supernatural and the fact that the devil was real and could come before anyone or send sub-devils instead, in the case of Macbeth it was the witches. This belief and use of dark sorcerous in the play helps to level us key aspects of Macbeths development throughout the play.Before Macbeth even meets the witches in act 1 movie 3, we contrive how candid of evil they are, Weary sennights nine times nine shall he dwindle, peak and pine. They sent a storm upon a man and his whole crew when they were at sea, just because his wife refused to share her chestnuts with one of the, the witches are capable of trickery and dont tell the whole truth.When Macbeth enters the scene, he is with Banquo and they devote just won in participation we see that Macbeth is proud of victory because he didnt care that the weather is so bad So foul and fair a day I have not seen. Banquo realises that the witches are supernatural beings from the first moment and is wearier to trust them than Macbeth, What are these that do not look like thinhabitants of o th earth. Macbeth realises that this must think close they do have parts of some sort and must be able to see the future. He hears the idea of him being Thane of Cawdor and then King, and he is inclined to moot them because they knew he was Thane of Glamis.He is very easily persuaded and you can tell that the idea of being king was plant quite firmly into his soul You greet with confront grace and great pr ediction of noble having, and royal hope. He is open to suggestion and is deeply affected. Upon hearing the divination, Macbeth questions the witches further, eager for more(prenominal) news, discourse then to me, who uncomplete beg nor fear your favours nor your hate. Hence the three witches move on to making a prophecy for Banquo, Lesser than Macbeth, and greater Banquo and Macbeth hail all. The witches have begun to play mind games with both Macbeth and Banquo because they are seemingly not making sense.After this, Macbeth begins to question the witches because it contradicts the prophecy made about him, how can Banquo father kings of he isnt one himself? Speak I charge you but the witches vanish, leaving confusion and soon to be murder in their wake. Macbeth soon dismisses his doubts however, as the idea of so much power is so appealing to him and the suggestions of the prophecy stay with both of the men long after the witches have left Macbeth says Your children shall be k ings, and Banquo replies You shall be king. After having heard Banquo say this, Macbeth is now certain upon which path to take. Macbeth was a proud and loyal soldier who was fond of King Duncan up until this point.Everyone did bear thy praises in his great defence, and when the messengers go on to tell him he has become thane of Cawdor, he interprets this coincidence as a supernatural confirmation. He adopts the frame of mind two down, one to go and expects more greatness to come his way, Glamis, and thane of Cawdor. The greatest is behind. In the asides he thinks of further ways to become king. He weighs up the good and evil represented by the witches prophecy because he has realised Banquo is afraid he might do something bad or scary this supernatural soliciting cannot be ill, cannot be good. The good point that came from this was that he became Thane of Cawdor but the evil over powers him and he knocks himself considering murdering Duncan for the first time, Why do I yield to t hat suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair.This new idea that is planted in Macbeths head is not the witches doing this time, but the creation of his own self. He has not however had murderous thoughts towards Banquo yet, presuming that he is thinking the same and wants to share this drab experience, Think upon what hath chancd, and at more time let us speak our free hearts each to other.The famous dagger scene (act two scene one) reveals a lot about Macbeths character and also how much he has changed delinquent to his supernatural experiences. Before Banquo departs from Macbeth he makes it clear that he remains insensible(p) by the prophecy even though he has had the same experience of the supernatural as Macbeth, yet he has fluent managed to resist evil however I still keep my boson franchised and allegiance clear. This suits Macbeth very well because he wanted to change the subject, I think not of them, whilst in fact he is, and didnt want Banquo to have these thou ghts on his mind while the murder is being committed.Soon after the departure of Banquo, Macbeth experiences a second supernatural event, Is this a dagger I see before me? The dagger seems to be a product of Macbeths own imagination or else he may be supernaturally bewitched. He sees the dagger and wants to grab it, seeing it as signalling him towards what he is about to do, and his wanting to clutch it shows how willing he is to commit murder. Come let me clutch thee, I have thee not yet I see thee still. He becomes very open to suggestion and blames his fevered state on the sin he is about to carry out, Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible.He begins to doubt his perception of the dagger but he still tries to touch it and when he cannot, yet still can see it before him, he interprets the meaning for himself, Thou marshalst me the way I was going. Macbeth was longing for approval, and he imagines the dagger point towards Duncans room, a sign he has indeed set on the right path. He r epeatedly mentions the fact that he cannot touch the dagger but he can still see it, thus it must be real. Mine eyes are made the fools o the other senses.He suddenly sees the apparition of the dagger in a different way, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Giving the impression it has been used already. It is the beginning of a very dark and powerful supernatural passage. The witches have enabled him to find a murderous streak within his own nature. At first he would never have considered murder or treachery and now hes ready to kill King Duncan in order to get to the throne.It is the middle of the night and the time is right for murder, Now oer one half world nature seems unfounded and wicked dreams abuse. Everything seems still and dead and spells are best cast during this time when supernatural thingas happen. It is a full moon (A.K.A witches moon in this era) and Macbeth takes it as some other sign, he procedure the supernatural power of witchcrafts to give himself s trength and asks Hecate to grant mortals their hearts desires Witchcraft celebrates pale Hecates offerings. He hears a wolf howl and he feels that the coast is clear for murder, the wolf acts like a night watchman, Whose howls his watch. As he gets ready to set off for the murder, he longs for secrecy to hide the actions he is about to commit because he knows he is forcing the prophecy to come true by unnatural and evil means Moves like a ghostMacbeth realises he is talking and not acting he doesnt want to talk himself out of the murder because he knows at heart that he has changed so much due to this wicked prophecy. But the dagger encourages him onwards, Words to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives. He hears a bell as his last and closing signal but it is like a death bell for Duncan and Macbeth doesnt care if Duncan goes to heaven or to hell, he just needs him out of the way, The bell invites me that summons thee to heaven or hell.In conclusion it could be said that Macbet hs character has developed and changed dramatically through the course of the play. The supernatural encounters that he experienced show us complex aspects of Macbeths character and how he went from loyal and fond of King Duncan to murderous and a liar. Macbeth ended up dieing due to his arrogance and high ambitions and Shakespeare uses this proposition to say that a small idea that gets planted into your mind can grow into something big and dangerous.

The under achievement of boys in Language Learning

The under consummation of boys in Language LearningFor many years, research has been carried erupt in the field of applied linguistics, pre ascendantly from a mental perspective, on the statuss towards irrelevant address po razzioning hinge uponual practice issues as important in understanding attitudes towards influenceedness (Powell Batters, 1985 Loulidi, 1990 Bacon Finnemann, 1992 Ellis, 1994 Clark Trafford, 1995, 1996), sited in Kobayashi 2002181). Gender differences in attitudes towards learnedness contrasted quarrels know been repeatedly witnessed, compelling researchers to provide an explanation for the razet by drawing attention on the ways that gender may affect cardinals attitude in development a foreign style.Foreign languages in schools soak up been rendered as the subject in which the disparity betwixt girls and boys performance is at its superlative (Barton (2002), sited in Murphy 201081). Considerable inter interior(a) data has emerged (Field , 2000 Chavez, 2001 Carr and Pauells, 2006), illustrating that achievement and participation in foreign languages in schools attends to be predominantly the domain of girls (Murphy, 2010). The underachievement of boys in language cultivation, the low participation of boys in foreign language modules as well the negative attitudes of boys towards the accomplishment of a language has led in research act to identify the underlying reasons. The gender gap noniced in performance on foreign languages at an international level (Murphy, 2010), has led in gender to be realizeed otherwise than the socioeconomic background of students, also an important factor in understanding the attitudes of both(prenominal) girls and boys in tuition foreign languages at school.This write up seeks to explore and bring together the non-homogeneous factors affecting boys attitudes towards the eruditeness of a language. It attempts to understand why foreign language learning may be experiencing a pa rticular delineation of participation and achievement along gender lines and to raise aw arness of the issue of boys and foreign language learning. Moreover, this paper sh altogether draw attention on the various methods that teachers could employ in order to motivate boys and raise their involvement and achievement.Boys and foreign language learningNowadays, callable to an enormous amount of statistical teaching it is widely accepted that boys perform little well than girls in all kinds of schools with the greatest gap plunge in foreign languages (Murphy, 2010). Davies (2004) points out that researchers over the preceding(a) decade (Barton, 2002 Jones Jones, 2002 Clark Trafford, 1996) have noted, in particular, that the disparity in performance between boys and girls is significantly greater in innovative languages than in other atomic number 18as of the curriculum. The option of learning a foreign language is not taken seriously by boys in schools with the arnaity of t hem refusing it or not fully fitting engaged with it (Murphy, 2010). Clark (1998) and Chavez (2001) vie that in reality, from the moment foreign language study becomes optional and as the study of foreign languages become more advanced in school trunks, physiquerooms across the English language dominant communities of the world atomic number 18 inhabited primarily by girls(Murphy, 201081). Data taken from the UK, Australia and New Zealand shows the low participation of boys in foreign language learning. At advanced levels of foreign language learning in schools across these countries boys only count 24-38% of all students with an average of only 33% of manful participation (Muprhy, 2010).In the UK specifically, the gender-gap in achievement among several subjects has been recognized by the government which in the Standards for Qualified Teacher Status has made explicit book of facts of the distinctive needs of boys and girls (Murphy, 2010) leading in teachers having as one of their main targets the development of strategies to respond to the different needs (Davies, 2004). It has been noticed that boys in the UK educational system by and large have little favourable attitudes towards foreign language learning than girls and are less probable to take a language in a public examination (Pritchard, 198765). Davies (2004), points out that in 2000 the average size of the gender gap across subjects (i.e. girls results minus boys) was 9.2%, which prompted headlines such as Girls stay top of the class in GCSEs (Guardian) and GCSE results reveal that boys are failing to close the gender gap (Independent). The GCSE results in 2001 and 2002 have shown that the gender gap across all subjects is persisting at 9% with a higher figure of 15.6% in modern languages indicating that boys are underperforming more severely in this subject a phenomenon also confirmed by the Nuffield Languages Inquiry (Davies 2004). For example, in 2000, statistics showed 44% of boys ach ieved grades A*-C in French whereas 60% of girls achieved those marks. Comparable results were found in German with 49% of boys achieving Grades A*-C compared to 63% of girls in the same year (Davies, 2004).Bradford and Noble (2000) point out that an examination of the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) results as well as A-levels confirms that girls do far better than boys in foreign languages. Davies (2004) argues that if GCSE results serve as an indicator of linguistic performance that means that although statistics have shown some progress since 1992, the gender gap remains wide. In all secondary school subjects, modern languages are the most likely to be dropped by boys at observe stage 4, be the least popular amongst the other subjects (Bradford Noble 2000).Main ConcernsThe above facts have led in a considerable amount of concern to be expressed about the underachievement of boys in various subjects, especially foreign languages (Williams et al. 2002). As we enter the next millennium, it is the underachievement of boys that has become one of the biggest challenges facing society today (Wragg (1997), sited in Williams et al. 2002508).A major concern is that due to the increasing disproportion between the percentage of girls and boys taking public examination in the five most popular languages taught in the UK (Powell 1979 Hawkins 1981) the profession of language teaching is becoming increasingly feminized (Pritchard, 1987). jibe to Pritchard (1987), this is also a matter of concern as it means that fewer and fewer boys are likely to be available for genteelness as future language teachers, a fact which makes it increasingly possible that boys will be taught predominantly by women teachers (Pritchard, 1987 65). In turn this is more likely to enhance the perception of boys that languages are a girl subject contributing in the maintenance of a vicious circle leading in boys underachievement in languages (Pritchard, 1987).This leads in fur ther concerns a revolt as language learning may be seen as a key component in pursuing the objectives of co-operation between states, remark for the identity of others and the promotion of mutual understanding (Moys (1998), sited in Williams et al. 2002508). According to Graddol (1997), we move into an era where peoples future will need to be based on multilingualism thence such a situation has severe consequences (Williams et al., 2002). The Nuffield Inquiry points to the need for foreign languages in the new century from a European perspective, from a business stance, and beca engross of the rising need for international talk and highlights the fact that many employees in Europe can speak a second, third and fourth language. Speaking English un friendly will not be enough to ensure a full and productive participation in the 21st Century (Graddol (1997), sited in Williams et al., 2002).Moreover, Williams et al. (2002) point out that both the Department for Trade and Industry (D TI) and the Nuffield Inquiry request that in that respect is a need for foreign language as the lack of it has been a major barrier in business. The Nuffield Inquiry identifies that there is an inadequate supply of language skills available to industry across a range of languages and points out that UK companies are more deficient in linguistic and cultural competence than their major European competitors. It recommends that in order to promote international understanding and contribute to economic advantage the government should show commitment in setting a national policy agenda for languages and enhance international dimension in education (Williams et al., 2002).Reviewing the reasonsTo be able to deal with these issues one (either that is the government, school or teachers) must be aware of the personal, interpersonal and external factors leading in boys opting out or underachieving in foreign language learning. As according to the Office of National Statistics (1999) girls c onsistently outperform boys both in GCSE and A-Levels in modern languages there must be mainly gender differences that cause this consistency.Muprhy (2010) argues that efforts to understand and to explain the effect of gender on language learning, and in this case in particular foreign-language learning, can generally be categorised into the traditional binary structure of either nature or maintain (Murphy, 201089). According to Murphy (2010), differences in language learning between girls and boys may be attributed to two positions namely, the essentialist and anti-essentialist position.The essentialist position con melts that there are innate and inherent brain differences between females and males, which result in different language learning abilities for the two sexes (Young and Brozo (2001), sited in Murphy, 2010). According to the essentialist position, linguistic information goes directly to the seat of language processing in the female brain, whereas males use sensory machi nery to do a great deal of work in untangling linguistic data resulting in more inefficient processing of language (Murphy, 201089). As per this perspective girls are qualified with possessing other innate characteristics that compensate them advantage in foreign language classes i.e. enhanced aural, oral and memory skills as well as social and collaborative learning styles, intrinsic motivation and concentration (Murphy, 2010).Cecco and Shaw (2008), point out that according to brain research brains develop differently according to gender until now before we are born, with females having more language centres and males having more visuo-spatial centres. Moreover, they point out that there are three preferred ways of learning i.e. auditory, opthalmic and kinaesthetic, with the visual and kinaesthetic learners processing information mainly from the right side of the brain, the dominant side in boys learning. According to Noble et al. (2001), verbal and linguistic intelligence cal l for for language learning is linked to the auditory learning the weakest style in boys (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).The anti-essentialist position holds a socio-cultural perspective contending that gender is about socially constructed maleness and femaleness and the performance of same (Murphy, 2010). Carr and Pauwels (2006) argue that it is generally accepted that enduring hegemonic versions of masculinity in society accord little importance to the oracy skills, personal expression, disclosure, introspection, exploration and literate practices, which form the bedrock of foreign language classroom practice (Carr and Pauwels (2006), sited in Murphy, 201089). According to this perspective, language classrooms therefore involve ways of working and learning, which contradict the dominant versions of masculinity, that frame many males out-of-school experience (Gilbert and Gilbert 1998 Hall and Coles 2001, sited in Murphy, 2010). As males of school-going age experience particular printing press sensation to be accepted, to conform and to perform hegemonic versions of masculinity many males will avoid, dismiss and reject peer-disdained activities (Rankin et al., 2004) of which foreign language is one, with the resulting consequences for relative male participation and achievement (Murphy, 2010).According to Cecco and Shaw (2008), the factors for gender differences explained by nurture cover various learned attitudes and behaviours that seem often to be modelled unconsciously. Minns (1991) argues that social and cultural attitudes about gender are learnt from birth and are modelled and reinforced, often unconsciously, by parents and other significant adults, including teachers (Minns 1991, sited in Cecco and Shaw 200811). Bleach (1998) also argues that socialisation towards particular roles takes place based on the adult version of countenance behaviour (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).According to Barton (1997), differentiation between the sexes from birth is inevitable and i mportant as our identity is determined by the knowledge of our sex. Most parents promote behaviours appropriate to the childs gender e.g. males are expected to be more noisy and adventurous whereas girls are supposed to be passive and dependent to others. The toys and games given to children nature the characteristics conforming each gender. e.g. cars and structure kits foster creativity and spatial awareness whereas dolls, teady bears or domestic appliances such as cookers mostly resemble human or animal flavor (Barton, 1997). Therefore, Barton (1997) argues that if we consider the prerequisites for language learning, it becomes make up that girls toys, promoting human contact and communication, give them girls an immediate advantage over boys (Barton, 199711).Moreover, it is argued that role models in the home have an influence in the childs life and ways of learning (Barton, 1997). The male figure model is more practical and goes out to work daily whereas the female prepares meals, takes care of the children and doesnt work so hard. in time where children live in an environment which does not conform to domestic norms they may be influenced by those stereotypes through the media. Therefore, their learning is also influenced as girls are meant to sit down and abuse their brains whereas boys are meant to move around. (Barton, 1997)Furthermore, studies have showed that both parents and teachers interactions with children can either consciously or otherwise endorse the different sexual climaxes of the two sexes to language use (Barton, 1997). Fagots (1977) study revealed that teachers interactions with girls were more verbal whereas they tended to join in with boys play (Barton, 1997). Boys unwillingness to hear to others as well as the challenge required by them in order to get motivated do not enable them to perform well in language learning as the lesson makes demands of them that are spotty with the linguistic role normally expected of them by the s ociety (Barton, 1997).Moreover, peer pressure is considered to be an important social factor affecting the attitudes of boys towards learning a language. Youngs research (1994) offers frequently in support of the view that learner perceptions and experience of peer attitudes concerning school, education, foreign language learning in general or the learning of a particular language in question may exert considerable influence on the individuals own FLL orientation, attitudes and motivation (Bartram, 200647). Also, Walqui (2000) argues that teenage peer pressure usually has a negative effect on language learning due to the performance element involved in this learning which may stir feelings of insecurity and embarrassment (Bartram, 2006). According to Barton (1997) male adolescents will, no doubt, find it much more difficult than females to relinquish their hold on their primary means of communication and expose their breaking voices to their peers ridicule (Barton, 199712).The fac t that males have a need to show off and be thought as successful does not furnish them to get involved with something that would make them feel insecure or embarrassed. Boys think success is sad, and that image is all-important (Hofkins, (1995), siten in Barton, 199712).In addition, peer grouping pressure is considered be a key reason for the demotivation of boys in learning languages as according to Court (2001) boys need to assert their emerging sexual identity (Bartram, 2006). receivable to the feminised associations of language learning boys usually reject it or do not get involved with it. Barton (1997) argues that making clear ones sexual identity and appearing one of the lads is, it seems, foremost in the male adolescent estimate and is often achieved by appearing uninterested and boasting of missed homework (Barton, 199712). In their momentous study of psychological research published, Jacklin and Macoby (1974) came to the conclusion that boys are more susceptible to p eer pressure than girls with teachers and advisors investigating male underachievement coming up with remarkably similar findings (Barton, 1997).The fact that boys need to assert their sexual identity can be supported by studies into attitudes and motivation towards learning different languages in the UK. Chambers reported a differential rise in the number of students entering for GCSE examinations in French (4%) and German (22%) between 1991 and 1994 (Williams et al., 2002). Philips and Filmer-Sankeys (1993) findings showed that the majority of pupils of both sexes preferred learning German to learning French and that more boys than girls showed an interest in learning German. According to Barton (1997), this is due to the fact that German has a masculine image and is viewed as more reusable by boys for industry and commerce.Interviews of students have revealed that French is considered feminine and not cool for boys to make an effort in learning French (Williams et al., 2002). In the popular imagery French would be associated with fine wines, good cooking, haute couture and luxurious perfumes all either domestic or feminine in orientation whereas German language is associated in pupils minds with masculine-type imagery such as war, harshness, strictness, shouting, the Nazis and Hitler (Pritchard, 198765). The fact that French is considered as feminine is considered to contribute in the low motivation and achievement of boys in French as they do not wish to harm their image and sexual identity.Furthermore, the fact that the most popular and widely taught language in the UK is French is particularly off displace boys who are far less inclined than girls to see French as useful to them in a future job or course of study (Powell and Littlewood, 1983) (Pritchard, 1987). Moreover, there has been evidence to suggest that boys rate French as more difficult (Clark Trafford, 1996), less important (Powell Batters, 1985) and less relevant to their future lives than girls (Pritchard, 1987) (Court, 20017).Stables and Wikeley (1999) found that other reasons putting boys off involve the belief that modern languages are difficult and that they are not required for international communication. Although science and mathematics may also be considered as difficult, boys view the effort as necessary due to the importance of the qualification. Stables and Wikeley (1999) point out that Employers do not, in general, require GCSE in a modern language to be more exact, pupils seem little aware that they might. Thus the difficulty that many pre-GCSE pupils seem to find with modern foreign languages is not get-go in many cases by the belief that the effort is really worthwhile (Stables and Wikeley, 199930). Moreover, Stables and Wikeley (1999) argue that in the UK where the home language is also the dominant international language, motivation to learn is inevitably less than in countries where failure to speak other languages is seen as severely personally l imiting. As members of a national culture with material international standing, pupils may also lack motivation in the form of curiosity about other national cultures (Stables and Wikeley, 1999).What also seems to de-motivate male students in learning foreign languages is the lesson content itself as well as the assessment methods used. Barton (1997) points out that features of the language lesson may seem as a threat to male identity. teaching fictional novels, that is considered as a feminine activity, puts boys off as they prefer informative texts such as newspapers, articles and comics a thing which needs to be bare in mind by teachers and educators. Moreover, as dialogue is crucial in learning a language, boys usually hesitate to get involved as dialogues indicate vulner ability (Barton, 1997). Boys usually hesitate to ask for directions or corrections. In an investigation into patterns of interactions in foreign language classes, Sunderland (1998) found that even if boys di d talk more, the girls exhibited more advanced interactions, and actively created learning opportunities for themselves and took advantage of those the teacher provided them with (Sunderland (1998), sited in Williams et al. 2002508) Furthermore, due to the fact that boys from a young age are not taught to sit still and listen but to search for the experience, they are unable to concentrate on language tasks, leading in teachers complaining about boys attitude in the classroom (Barton, 1997).Moreover, Jones and Jones (2001) have found that boys see modern languages as different from other subjects mainly because of the central position of the teacher in the language classroom and that boys who are underperforming tend to see the teacher as responsible for the difficulties they are having because the pedagogy of modern languages is so teacher-centred ( Cecco and Shaw, 20087).In addition, Cecco and Shaw (2008) point out that boys attributes are not particularly favoured by the requirem ents of coursework, i.e. sustained effort, process as well as outcome and often a considerable amount of well-presented written work. Although exams themselves may suit boys sudden bursts of effort, national awards in recent years have incorporated increased amounts of coursework. However, Arnot et al. (1998) argue that fairness to all learners involves a variety of assessment modes so that all pupils have opportunities to take in their best performance (Cecco Shaw, 2008).Other factors that seem to contribute in the underachievement of boys include the sex of the teacher as well as teacher expectations. As mentioned in the previous section most language teachers are females and this is considered to perpetuate the myth that languages are feminine subjects. However, Clark and Traffords recent survey showed that students ascribed more importance to teachers personalities than to their sex and many boys in Powell and Batters study preferred a female teacher because it contributed to their overall perception of languages as an easy, non-serious subject (Barton, 1997). On the other hand it is argued that a boy who is susceptible to peer pressure (found most commonly in the weaker sets) will not be highly motivated to set himself apart from his fellows and link up himself with a subject dominated by feminine connotations (Barton, 1997 13).In addition, the fact that the gender-gap in language learning is widely acknowledged as well as boys attitudes towards the subject often leads in teachers being either consciously or unconsiously biased towards their students. Although there is not much evidence to support this it is argued that teachers will focusing their attention on the girls, assuming that the boys will not be interested in continuing their study of a feminine subject (Barton, 199714). This leads in enhancing both their belief that foreign languages are feminine and their negative attitudes towards the language.Raising boys achievementThe above factors di scussed lead into boys being de-motivated to learn the language resulting in their underachievement. The findings of a group of PGCE students at Goldsmiths College conducting interviews in two schools to ask boys why they thought girls did better at ModernLanguages predictably showed poor motivation as a key factor Us boys dont take it seriously. Some days, I just think oh its French today and I aint going to try very hard if I dont want. (Harris, 199857) Cecco and Shaw (2008) point out that motivation is a central component to successfully acquire knowledge and that lack of motivation can hinder learning whereas being motivated can greatly enhance it. Particularly welcome is the assumption that motivation can be increased or decreased that it is not a unitary characteristic of which learners have a lot or a little (Cecco and Shaw, 20086) The issue of motivation has always been on the agenda in language learning. In order to raise boys motivation educators and teachers need to be aw are of the motivational conditions identified by psychologists and also have an insight into the ways boys learn in order to modify the classroom context to meet boys learning needs.According to Cecco and Shaw (2008), three sets of motivational conditions identified by Dornyei (1994) have also been found useful for providing a framework for the classroom context. These are a) course-specific motivational components which relate to the motivational influence of the syllabus, teaching materials, teaching methods and learning activities, b) teacher-specific motivational components which relate to the teacher-pupil relationship, the teachers approach to the management of behaviour, the promotion of the sharing of ideas between pupils as well as between teacher and pupils and the provision of motivating feedback and c)group-specific motivational components which relate to the dynamics of the learning group, its participation in collaboration, its shared goals and shared norms of behaviou r (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).As far as how boys learn, Hannan (1996) offers an insight into the regular boy learner and cites the following characteristics. Boys are doers first base and thinkers second, they have a shorter concentration span, they get easily bored, they have weaker listening and verbal skills as well as social and collaborative skills, they have less ability to organize and plan work, they are highly influenced by their peer group and they seek immediate gratification.In the following paragraphs, by having in mind the reasons for boys underachievement, the motivational conditions and the ways in which boys learn, various ways that could help raise their motivation shall be discussed. Although as has been discussed social norms to a great extend seem to affect boys attitudes towards language learning, some steps could be made on the part of teachers in order to enhance boys motivation and achievement.According to Ofsted (2003), improving the achievement of boys is a c omplex matter in which interlinked factors play important parts including a positive learning ethos, good teaching and classroom management, close observe of individuals and effective support for learning. Ofsted (2003) argues that these factors are significant in all schools and are relevant to girls as well as boys (OfSTED, 2003). It must be noted that the strategies suggested should not disadvantage the learning of girls but to incorporate them so that they enhance boys participation and involvement.Taken that boys underachieve in languages, due to the fact that they are considered to be feminine, teachers should encourage an atmosphere that would raise boys will to participate. Boys perceive languages as feminine as they consider girls to be better at them and as the majority of them consider typical topics like wine, cooking and haute couture to be feminine in orientation (Pritchard, 198769) What can be through with(p), therefore, is to provide challenging exercises and integ rate materials that attract boys attention such as articles, newspapers and comics (Noble and Bradford, 2000). As boys like challenge, challenging activities shall get them involved e.g. giving them team quizzes about the set texts and marry this with competition. Moreover, as boys tend to read non-fiction, including articles that involve sports, engineering or hobbies would probably lead to more commitment to reading by boys. Increasing the choice of reading resources available in the language classroom is essential, as this would show consideration of boys preferences. Diversity in the materials used is required to meet both the needs of boys and girls (Noble and Bradford, 2000).Moreover, although language teachers are usually biased, they should not allow this to permit them treat boys differently from girls. By devoting their attention to girls assuming boys are uninterested in the learning of the language would have indirect implications for boys achievement as less attention would mean less language opportunities (Court, 2001). Even though studies (Spencer, 1998) have found that boys receive around 2/3 of teachers attention during class much of it is negative as it arises from discipline problems appearing to receive less praise than girls (Harris, 1998). Harris argues that insensitive feedback may serve only to foster the macho image that boys are tough and you dont need to worry about hurting their feelings (Harris, 19861). Instead teachers should encourage the participation of boys into the lesson and praise them for their involvement without harming their image. However, Harris (1998) suggests that due to the nature of peer pressure this should not always be praised in front of the class as it may not be seen as cool but should also be done also on an individual basis either on an individual basis or positive comments on homework. Without it boys shall remain unmotivated, behave badly and produce poor quality work, becoming even more convinced that they are not good at languages and feel justified by making even less effort.In addition, teachers should allow boys to do things rather than being more teacher-centered. According to Harris (1998), this would give them more flexibility to really adapt things to their way of learning. whole wheat flour and Rees (1995) suggest that boys need to have some sense of control because by learning what they feel they need to know in a way that is appropriate for them accelerates their learning (Harris, 1998).The Ofsted report Boys and English (1993) concluded that boys performance improves when they have a clear understanding of the progress they need in order to achieve (Harris, 1998). Harris (1998) suggests that clear and explicit guidelines should be given to boys in order to help them progress and that it is not enough to offer pupils greater independence in their learning. Teachers should also conform to them with the tools or strategies that will enable them to go about it. Nunan (19 95) points out it is a mistake to assume that learners come into the language classroom with a natural ability to make choices about what and how to learn (Numan (1995), sited in Harris, 199858). OMalley and Chamot (1990) identify three types of strategies that the teachers should help the boys to develop metacognitive strategies which deal with planning and evaluating learning, cognitive strategies which deal with grappling directly with the language itself and social and affective strategies through which the learner interacts with others or controls their own emotional response to the learning situation (Harris, 1998). According to Ofsted (1993), female students use more learning strategies than males and use them more often therefore it is important for teachers to intervene systematically with some strategy instruction to enable boys to develop their learning strategies (Harris, 1998). By development these strategies boys shall be able to control their own learning. Rather tha n feeling that there is nothing they can do about their lack of success other than give up, it makes explicit what can be done to improve and locates the responsibility firmly on them (Harris, 199859).In addition, we have noted earlier that boys tend to like audio-visual work. Incorporating the use of computers in the language classroom would not only be see