The Sociological Imagination, By C. Write Mills - 1409 Words

When C. Write Mills talks about the sociological imagination, he is saying that it is the capacity to understand that individual life is complexly intertwined with events and issues present in the world. Sociological imagination can range from subjects as simple and everyday as hygiene, to something more serious such as racism. In terms of hygiene, there has been a rise in amounts of desire for state of the art hand sanitizers in schools, resulting from the Swine Flu epidemic of 2009. Similarly, there has been a surge in racism against people of Islamic and Muslim faiths stemming from the tragedy of 9/11 and other terrorist attacks by Middle Eastern Terrorist groups. The sociological imagination lets us recognize that we act in these ways because of societal beliefs, events and concerns. Societal influence comes in many forms such as political, economic, social etc. I was born in 1995, and the years of greatest influence for me as a child were 2000-2005. On September 11th, 2001, Al Qaeda flew two planes into the Twin Towers. I was six years old at the time and I remember playing with my cousin because we had both stayed home from school that day. When my mom and aunt explained what happened I knew this was serious because they were crying. We watched the news and I saw one of the buildings collapse. I saw people running, screaming and crying, covered in ash. I also saw something I’ll never forget; a man jumped out the window of the building that was still standing. My momShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Imagination Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Grade: 75 / C The Sociological Imagination The sociological imagination is an idea or a way of thinking that interlocks an individual in a society with the society as a whole. Most people refer to sociology as the study of how people or individuals interact with each other. In order to fully understand sociology and the concept of the sociological imagination as proposed by C. Wright Mills, one has to be able to envision the individual and the society working together to better understandRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination Essay examples1118 Words   |  5 Pageswritten The Sociological Imagination in 1959, C. Wright Mills was brought up in a society far more different and archaic than the idea of contemporary society today. The ideals that were imparted to him during his lifetime provided a framework to the ideals that are imparted to people today; however, like all incarnations, processes and ideas adapted to situate themselves into the transitioning threads of society. Through his elaboration on the sociological imag ination, C. Wright Mills portrays theRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills1315 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This is its task and its promise.† C. Wright Mills writes about the sociological imagination in an attempt to have society become aware of the relationship between one’s personal experience in comparison to the wider society. By employing the sociological imagination into the real world, individuals are forced to perceive, from a neutral position, social structures that, inRead MoreSociological Imagination s Critical Review1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination Critical Review Essay â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This is its task and its promise.† C. Wright Mills writes about the sociological imagination in an attempt to have society become aware of the relationship between one’s personal experience in comparison to the wider society. By employing the sociological imagination into the real world, individuals are forced to perceiveRead MoreWhat Can We Do? Becoming Part Of The Solution1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sociological Imagination is a concept first used by a well-known sociologist, C. Wright Mills, in 1959. In Mills article, The Promise, indicates that, The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals(Mills, 3). Sociological imagination helps individuals to contemplate their own troubles in a deeper level and view their daily routines in an entirelyRead MoreResponse Paper : The Promise1008 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"sociologically right.† The sociological imagination was coined by C. Write Mills. His theory of sociological imagination is that we need to look at things in the big picture. Mills had grown concerned with sociological research. Mills felt that the researchers had gone away from theoretical understanding of society. Mills’s concept was that in order to get a full understanding on an individual we have to use our imaginations and think outside the box. He felt that sociological research need researchersRead MoreMy Sociological Imagination And Push Myself858 Words   |  4 Pages1. I have developed greatly as a sociologist in that I have developed my sociological imagination and push myself to ask and answer the tough questions about society. Instead of simply taking aspects of our society for face value, I have begun to dig deeper and examine how and why we define differentiate developed and underdeveloped countries or how and why everything is becoming â€Å"faster† within society (fast fash ion, fast food, etc.). The readings helped a great deal in my analyzing of society byRead MoreWhat Is A Theoretical Exegesis?1256 Words   |  6 Pagesaround us. C. Wright Mills, in The Sociological Imagination (1959) and Karl Marx, in Alienated Labour use theory to understand the nature of society in two different points of view. Although Mills perspective does differ from Marx, it can be used to better understand Marx’s ideas. Mills writes: â€Å"Perhaps the most fruitful distinction with which the sociological imagination works is between ‘the personal troubles of milieu’ and the ‘public issues of social structure’ (Mills 1959: 8).† For Mills the sociologicalRead MoreI Am Applying Intersectionality And The Sociological Imagination1080 Words   |  5 PagesI am applying intersectionality and the sociological imagination to my intersecting identities: class, gender, and ethnicity. By employing intersectionality and the sociological imagination, I am analyzing how my positionality affected my personal experiences while connecting those events with society. I also included five peer-reviewed articles as supporting evidence. Kimberlà © Williams Crenshaw is an African American scholar, civil rights advocate, and law professor who developed the term intersectionalityRead MoreCharles Wright Mills And The American Sociological Review Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesC.Wright Mills or Charles Wright Mills was born on August 28, 1916 in Texas. He attended the University of Texas where he got his bachelor s degree in 1939. Before even graduating, Mills had already been published in the two leading sociology journals in the United States, the American Journal of Sociology and the American Sociological Review. After his bachelors degree, he pursued his Ph.D at the University of Wisconsin in 1941. During his time in Wisconsin, he met his wife, Dorothy Helen Smith

The Smoke Free Policy - 1045 Words

As businesses transition into a smoke free work place, the total environment is condemned smoke free. Twenty years ago, restaurants allowed customers to smoke, where as now that smoke free policy has risen there are almost no restaurants or bars that allow smoking in the building. The majority of a restaurant’s customers are non smokers; therefore the income of customers would increase because non smokers would not have to worry about second hand smoke. Based on Zagat’s Release of 2008 America’s top restaurants survey, â€Å" The 2008 Zagat Survey â€Å" America’s Top Restaurants of 132,000 Americans noted that â€Å"The verdict on smoking is overwhelming with seventy seven percent of diners saying they’d eat out less if smoking were permitted in local†¦show more content†¦In addition, oxygen.org has reported that the chemicals in the butts of cigarettes and the butt itself affects the water quality and is deadly to the aquatic life. In America, there is the Freedom of Choice. People may choose to use tobacco, or they can take a healthier route and use nicotine patches or electronic cigarettes. Both of these alternatives still deliver nicotine, but the difference is it is directly into the bloodstream, therefore there is not tobacco clogging the user’s lungs and no second hand smoking. According to Amy Renshaw, a Vanderbilt University Psychology student, the nicotine patches continuously pass small doses of nicotine into the bloodstream preventing nicotine cravings (Par.4). Renshaw states Nicoderm CQ, a patch producing company, has a ten week program that cost $175 dollars. A charge of $175 dollars for ten weeks is less than a two week supple of cigarettes (Par. 5). A test was completed by Davidson et al. and the results were the people who knew they were wearing the patch had a quitting percentage of eight percent, compared to the blinded subjects that had a quitting percentage of four percent. (Par. 5). Another successful alternative to stop the use of tobacco is an electronic cigarette. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, an electronic cigarette, or an e-cigarette, is a smokeless, battery operated device that delivers flavored nicotine to the lungs, butShow MoreRelatedPerspectives Of Smoke Free Policies1287 Words   |  6 PagesCritique: Perspectives of Smoke-free Policies in Hospitals Carissa Genrick 7705851 University of Ottawa April 10th, 2016 Professor Pat Durston Qualitative Research Critique: Perspectives of Smoke-free Policies in Hospitals The research article and study â€Å"A qualitative investigation of smoke-free policies on hospital property† by Annette Schultz, Barry Finegan, Candace. Nykiforuk, and Margaret A. Kvern, had a purpose â€Å"to determine the consequences of policies mandating smoke-free hospital propertyRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Smoke Free Policies2920 Words   |  12 PagesThe Effectiveness of Smoke-Free Policies Katie Valinske Since the US Surgeon General’s report on the dangers of Tobacco in 1964, Americans have gradually learned about the dangers of tobacco use, and the number of Americans who smoke is steadily decreasing. There are many forms of tobacco use, and numerous ways for someone to die from using tobacco. Even for those individuals who have never smoked, just being around secondhand smoke significantly increases one’s risk for a multitude health issuesRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco1121 Words   |  5 PagesSecondhand Smoke (SHS) is a dangerous byproduct of smoking that affects anyone who comes into contact with the smoke. Educating the community about the dangers and unintended consequences of being around cigarettes is a focus of this paper, as well as looking into the effectiveness of current smoke-free policies. There are businesses and cities that are becoming smoke-free, and they are putting policies into place that legally protect the non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke via involuntaryRead MoreCampus Wide Proposal For Fayette County Community Action Agency1100 Words   |  5 Pagesto the well-being of the customers, residents, employees and business partners. The agencies staff and partners are dedicated to helping people help themselves, help each other, and enhance the community s quality of life. With the impending HUD policy applicable to Public Housing Agencies, and the federal Governments position on smoking the mandate is clear. Smoking is bad for the public’s health. The professional staff of the Agency and partnered organizations provide education, awareness andRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On College Campuses Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe University of Miami knew a fully smoke-free campus would be a challenge, so the university tried to combat this ch allenge with three different phases to ease the campus community into a fully smoke-free area. Over the past four years, the Be Smoke Free Campaign has promoted a healthy environment for the students, staff, faculty, and visitors of the University of Miami. Phase one prohibited smoking with the exception of designated smoking areas around campus in September of 2011. Phase two inRead MoreIs Smoking A Bad Phenomenon?1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctors and scientist are confirmed health dangers, economic dangers and social dangers for smoking there is a huge numbers of college students smokers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review concerning policy implementation in reference to campuses that are smoke-free. In spite of the general success in present decades of curbing the rate of smoking in various countries, the smoking prevalence among the youth aged 20 to 24 is still higher compared to any other demographic age. AddressingRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The Un ited States1570 Words   |  7 Pagesproven a decline in smoking. However, there are still millions of people that smoke in the United State of America. As a result, the effect of smoking has become a major health risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death, disease, and disability in the US. The health hazards attributable to exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) are very pronounced. Tobacco is composed of more than 7,000 chemicalRead MoreBanning Smoking Should Be Banned877 Words   |  4 Pagesban the smoking on any campus property. Beside of that, the University campus will follow Smoke and Tobacco-Free Initiative policy in August 2015. Therefore, the policy will impose by using a community model† (Hill, 2015). That means each member at Ohio University would remain any smoker with the policy. Moreover, Ohio University hopes the campus becomes healthier without tobacco. But, through this policy lots of members whose smoking in Ohio University campus will be affected. So, banning smokingRead MoreShould Smoking Tobacco Be Banned?847 Words   |  4 Pagesdecides to ban the smoking on any campus property. Beside of that, the University campus will follow Smoke and Tobacco-Free Initiative policy in August 2015. Therefore, the policy will impose by using a co mmunity model†. That means each member at Ohio University would remain any smoker with the policy. Moreover, Ohio University hopes Ohio campus becomes healthier and without tobacco. But, through this policy lots of members whose smoking in Ohio University campus will be affected.So, banning smoking tobaccoRead MoreBenefits Of Creating A Smoke Free Campus896 Words   |  4 Pagesis the switch to a relatively smoke-free campus. A smoke-free campus is something that most campuses around the country are in line to make a change to. There are many benefits to creating a smoke-free university with only a few of them being that it dramatically helps in stopping first-time smokers, it would eliminate any unnecessary waste around campus, and it also helps promote a healthier community as a whole. Ever since the University launched its ‘Clean Air Policy’ in January, campus officials

Provisions - Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Question: Discuss about theProvisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of IAS 37 was to ensure that appropriate recognition criteria and proper measurement values are applied while determining the provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities. Part A: Definition of Provisions IAS 37 has defined provisions as liabilities that are recognized as balance sheet items and they arise due to presence of uncertain timing and amount. The word provision is also used in context of depreciation, doubtful debts, and impairment of assets. In this standard there are no such connections of provisions created for depreciation, doubtful debts and impairment of assets. According to this accounting standard liabilities means a present obligation of the organization that arises from the past occurrence of any event and outcome of this event is outflow from the entity (Mirza, Orrell and Holt, 2010). As per IAS 37 provisions should be recognized when all the following conditions are fulfilled: When the organization has current or present obligations (either legal or constructive) due to occurrence of past event When there is probability that there will outflow of resources creating some economic benefits are required to be used to settle the obligation. When reliable and meaningful estimates can be made for the provisions to be recognized as the balance sheet item When all of the above conditions are fulfill, than there is requirement to make the provisions in the balance sheet, if not than there is no requirement to create the provisions. Part B: Disclosure Requirement of Provisions IAS 37 has provided various disclosure requirements for provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets. These disclosure requirements are mandatory and have to be followed by all. Disclosure requirements for provisions are provided in paragraph 84 of IAS 37. For each class of provisions an organization has to disclose following: The carrying amount of provisions at the beginning and at the end must be disclosed in the balance sheet Any additional provisions made between the periods referred in the balance sheet and also disclose any increases to the existing provisions Any amount of provisions used i.e. charge or incurred against the provisions during the referred period Any amount of unused provisions reversed during the period Any increase in the discounted items that have arise due to the passage of time difference during the period Any change in the discount rate must also be disclosed (Alexander and Archer, 2008) Any comparative information is not required to be disclosed for the provisions. For each class of provisions an organization must disclose following: A small description of the nature of the obligation being created and expected time when it results in the outflows of resources An organization must indicate the uncertainties in relation to timing and amount of the resultant outflows. It must be noted that if necessary an organization must provide proper information and also provide the major assumptions made in relation to future events The amount of the expected outflow of reimbursement and also state the amount of asset that have been recognized for that expected reimbursement (Alexander and Archer, 2008) Part C: Accruals, Prudence and Materiality IAS 37 is drawn in such a way that it confers with the principle of accruals, prudence and materiality. These are explained in detail below: Accrual Concept: According to this principle different income and expenses items in the financial statements must be recognized in the period for which they relate not on the cash basis. Provisions are referred to the uncertain liabilities as there is uncertainty regarding the amount of future expenditure required to settle the liabilities. Even though provisions are made if there is some probability that such liabilities will require some outflow of resources in future time period. Generally accruals are reported as trade and payable but provisions are shown separately in the balance sheet. Prudence Concept: It is most important accounting principle that requires not overestimating the amount of revenues and underestimating the amount of expenses. According to this principle, while recoding the amount of assets some conservativeness must be kept and never underestimate the amount of liabilities. Provisions are liabilities that require outflows of economic benefits at any future time period but there is uncertainty about the time and amount of liabilities. Except in very rare cases the amount of provisions can be determine through the excepted outcomes in each category of provisions. In extreme rare cases where is not possible to determine the amount of provisions that it can be shown as contingent liabilities outside the balance sheet. Materiality: According to this principle of financial reporting all such information must be included in financial statements that sway the opinion of the financial users. As per the disclosure requirement of IAS 37, provisions need to be shown in the balance sheet. Therefore, provisions fulfil the requirement of materiality (Greuning, 2009). Part D: Contingent Liabilities Contingent Liabilities refers to the possible obligation that are created from any event in the past and its existence will be based on occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events and these events are not fully under control of organization. Basically contingent liabilities have not been recognized in the balance sheet (Ernst and Young LLP, 2013). It should be disclosed as required by the paragraph 86 pf IAS 37 unless the probability of an outflow of resources realizing the economic benefits are remote. Part E: Contingent Assets The definition of contingent assets is same as contingent liabilities. According to the definition, contingent assets refers to possible asset that are created from any event in the past and its existence will be based on occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events and these events are not fully under control of organization. Contingent assets must not recognized in the balance sheet unless there is virtual certain that some part of income will surely arise in future due to occurrence of an event. In this case recognition of income is certain and it cant be treated as contingent assets. However contingent assets can be shown as notes to accounts if there is any event in future that will provide economic benefits. Conclusion IAS 37 deals with provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets. It provides guidelines on how to measure the provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets. It also tells on how to recognize the provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities in the financial report. References Mirza, A., Orrell, M. and Holt, G. 2010. Wiley IFRS: Practical Implementation Guide and Workbook. John Wiley Sons. Ernst and Young LLP. 2013. International GAAP 2013: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles under International Financial Reporting Standards. John Wiley Sons. Greuning, H. 2009. International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. World Bank Publications. Alexander, D. and Archer, S. 2008. International Accounting/Financial Reporting Standards Guide. CCH.

Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine Essay Example

Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine Paper Having chosen the particular subject of Medicine for our research article, we picked up â€Å"The Right Medicine† as our article topic. With the modern advances of science, we, young adults, often ask ourselves who should we follow, scientific reason or traditional remedies? Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (), exercise ( ) and dietary therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an empirical medicine and was developed in the old days in the absence of systemic scientific knowledge. Thus, it is a product of the accumulated clinical observations gathered over centuries of practice. Traditional Chinese medicine is based on Yingyangism ( the combination of Five Phases theory with Yin-Yang Theory). Yin and yang are ancient Chinese concepts which can be traced back to the Shang dynasty (1600–1100 BC). They represent two abstract and complementary aspects that every phenomenon in the universe can be divided into. Primordial analogies for these aspects are the sun-facing (yang) and the shady (yin) side of a hill. Two other commonly used representational allegories of yin and yang are water and fire. In the yin-yang theory, detailed attributions are made regarding the yin or yang character of things: Phenomenon Yin Yang Celestial Bodies Moon Sun Gender Female Male Location Inside Outside. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Temperature Cold Hot Direction Downward Upward Degree of humidity Damp/Moist Dry The concept of yin and yang is also applicable to the human body; for example, the upper part of the body and the back are assigned to yang, while the lower part of the body are believed to have the yin character. Yin and yang characterization also extends to the various body functions, and more importantly to disease symptoms for example cold and heat sensations are assumed to be yin and yang symptoms, respectively. Thus, yin and yang of the body are seen as phenomena whose lack or overabundance comes with characteristic symptom combinations: Yin vacuity (also termed vacuity-heat): heat sensations, possible night sweats, insomnia, dry pharynx, dry mouth, dark urine, a red tongue with scant fur, and a fine and rapid pulse. The Yang vacuity (also termed vacuity-cold): aversion to cold, cold limbs, bright white complexion, long voidings of clear urine, diarrhea, pale and enlarged tongue, and a slightly weak, slow and fine pulse. The Five Phases Theory (), sometimes also translated as the Five Elements theory, presumes that all phenomena of the universe and nature can be broken down into five elemental qualities – represented by wood (? ), fire (? ), earth (? ), metal (? ), and water (? ). In this way, lines of correspondence can be drawn: Element Corresponding Organ Wood Liver Fire Heart Earth Spleen Metal Lung Water Kidney TCMs view of the body places little emphasis on anatomical structures, but is mainly concerned with the identification of functional entities (which regulate digestion, breathing, aging etc. ). While health is perceived as harmonious interaction of these entities and the outside world, disease is interpreted as a disharmony in interaction. TCM diagnosis consists in tracing symptoms to patterns of an underlying disharmony, mainly by palpating the pulse and inspecting the tongue. Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced and perfected over thousands of years. Through the use of herbal concoctions, acupuncture, massage and Qigong, most every ailment and condition can be treated. Chinese medicine also focuses on disease prevention and overall health maintenance. Acupuncture ( ) is one of the most popular forms of TCM. It involves the use of strategically placed needles which are inserted into the skin along the points of the meridian system. This practice has proved to be effective for treating a wide range of health issues. Some of the conditions that acupuncture is used to treat include chronic pain, depression, stress, muscle tension, migraines, headaches, osteoporosis, frozen shoulder, allergies, skin conditions, infertility, insomnia and a lot more. Qigong Therapy ( ) works to restore the flow of Qi and balance yin and yang. Qigong therapy involves the use of certain poses and movements called Qigong exercise. It also utilizes deep breathing and may include meditation, which work to improve and restore balance. Qigong not only treats existing ailments but also helps to prevent disease and ill-health in general. Conditions treated with Qigong therapy include: headaches, PMS, insomnia, fatigue, allergies, arthritis, indigestion, kidney disease, rheumatism among others. Chinese herbal concoctions ( ) are given in the form of teas, pills, and tonics. They typically involve a specific mix of several herbs. There are thousands of different combinations. An herbalist will observe the patient and analyze his condition in order to prescribe a specific mixture that will benefit him exclusively. Some ailments that herbs can help include: insomnia, anxiety, depression, fatigue, headaches, colds, kidney problems, migraines, etc.. Cupping ( ) is a type of Chinese massage, consisting of placing several glass cups (open spheres) on the body. A match is lit and placed inside the cup and then removed before placing the cup against the skin. As the air in the cup is heated, it expands, and after placing in the skin, cools, creating lower pressure inside the cup that allows the cup to stick to the skin via suction. When combined with massage oil, the cups can be slid around the back, offering reverse-pressure massage. It is commonly used to cure the common cold, pneumonia and bronchitis and can also reduce the swelling and relieve pain. Gua Sha is abrading the skin with pieces of smooth jade, bone, animal tusks or horns or smooth stones; until red spots then bruising cover the area to which it is done. It is believed that this treatment is for almost any ailment including cholera. The red spots and bruising take 3 to 10 days to heal, there is often some soreness in the area that has been treated. Die-da ( ) or bone-setting is usually practiced by martial artists who know aspects of Chinese medicine that apply to the treatment of trauma and injuries such as bone fractures, sprains, and bruises. Some of these specialists may also use or recommend other disciplines of Chinese medical therapies (or Western medicine in modern times) if serious injury is  involved. Such practice of bone-setting ( or ) is not common in the West. Another method is Chinese Food Therapy ( ) is a practice in the belief of healing through the use of natural foods instead of medications. One of the central ideas in this belief system is that certain foods have a hot or heat inducing quality while others have a cold or chilling effect on ones body, organs or energy levels. The idea being that ones imbalance of natural heat and cold in a body can cause disease or be more conducive towards sickness. Although, in this belief system, it does not necessarily mean ones internal heat or cold balance is directly related to being physically hot (to the point of sweating) or cold (feeling chilly from cold weather). As an example, if one had a cold, or felt he was about to get a cold, he would not want to eat any cold foods such as a lemon, melon or cucumber. If one had a so-called hot disease, like eczema, then he would not want to eat hot foods such as garlic, onions, or chocolate lest the hot disease is worsened. Indeed, it is thought by some that these hot or cold properties of foods are so intense that merely the eating of too many of one or another can actually cause diseases. For example, the eating of too many hot foods like chili peppers or lobster could cause a rash, or the eating of too many cold foods such as watermelon, or seaweed could cause one to develop stomach pain or diarrhea. In this way, this health system is in direct opposition to the germ theory of disease (where microbes are described as the cause of many disease states) and evidence-based medicine. It is related to the concept of ? nei-waixie in Chinese medicine, being more aligned with Claude Bernard, and Antoine Bechamps biological terrain theory of disease. This belief in foods having inherent hot or cold properties is prevalent throughout greater China. It is particularly popular among Cantonese people who enjoy slow-cooked soups. One of the most commonly known is a rice soup that goes by many names including congee and jook (Mandarin zhou). This is a traditional breakfast for Asian people all over the world. Congee recipes vary infinitely, depending upon the desired health benefits as well as taste. On the other hand, Western medicine is the term used to describe the treatment of medical conditions with medications, by doctors, nurses and other conventional healthcare providers who employ methods developed according to Western medical and scientific traditions. It differs from Chinese, or alternative, medicine, in its approach to treatment, which relies heavily upon industrially produced medications and a strict adherence to the formal scientific process. Western medicine encompasses all types of conventional medical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and physical therapy. The practitioners of Western medicine are doctors, nurses, physical, occupational, and respiratory therapists. Generally, anyone visiting a doctors office or hospital will receive allopathic treatment. Western Medicine is the art and science of healing as practiced by physicians and similar professionals and encompasses all sciences related to it. It is the applied science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings. Contemporary Medicine applies health science, biomedical research, and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease, typically through medication or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, protheses, biologics, ionizing radiation and others. Western medicine is subject to rigorous safety and effectiveness protocols. Treatments and medications pass a strict review before a patient can receive them. Western medicine has a long history of safety to back up various treatment protocols. Before a new treatment or drug is approved for use on the public, it goes through an extensive testing process, first in the laboratory, and then through several layers of patient testing. Some people become frustrated with Western medicine because the approval process for new treatments is so lengthy. Western medicine practitioners are generally willing to work with other  allopathic practitioners to devise the best course of care for a particular injury or illness. One patient may have a primary care physician, a surgeon, a physical therapist, and an occupational therapist. They will share information with each other to help improve the prognosis, and reduce the potential downtime for each patient. Some of these practitioners may also be willing to work with practitioners of alternative, and Eastern medicine, though this is less common. Consider a visit to a Western trained physician for any condition that is serious or invasive. The decision to treat a serious medical condition with alternative medicine is not a decision to make lightly. Instead, talk to a traditional doctor about any concerns about a specific treatment, and seek second opinions whenever possible. Western medicine encompasses all types of conventional medical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and physical therapy. Conventional medicine is the mainstream medicine in the US. It involves regular medical doctors, pharmaceuticals and general medical practices such as cardiology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, etc. Complementary and alternative medicine is a group of practices and therapies that are considered to be outside the realm of conventional medicine. As medicine evolves, some practices that were considered complementary and alternative may become a part of conventional medicine and will no longer be considered alternative. Cardiologists and general physicians now regularly use fish oil (a supplement) to reduce triglycerides and improve heart health. Although fish oil is found over the counter it is also available by prescription. It is definitely moving more into the mainstream. Digitalis used as a leaf had been used for centuries to treat certain heart problems. Modern medicine has been using it as a regular, conventional medication (in the form of a pill of course). As medicine evolves more complementary therapies may become conventional and the two may merge into one. Conventional medicine is a system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also called allopathic medicine, biomedicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and Western medicine. In the States, there are three categories for drugs: over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are available in pharmacies and supermarkets without special restrictions, behind-the-counter (BTC), which are dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctors prescription, and prescription only medicine (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical professional, usually a physician. Surgery is an ancient medical speciality that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance. Chemotherapy, broadly speaking, is any regimen of therapy that makes use of chemicals to try to fight a disease. More specifically, it usually refers to a specific set of practices in which chemicals are used to help fight cancer. Since the widespread adoption of chemotherapy to fight cancer, the more general use of the term is rarely used outside of medical circles Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. Vaccination table, showing vaccines to be taken from birth till adulthood. A surgeon might be able to reattach a limb or repair a broken bone, but it often takes physical therapy to restore a patients function. Physical therapy, broadly speaking, involves direct manipulation of muscles, joints and other parts of the body affected by an injury or chronic illness. It often involves strength training, heat treatments, massage and supervised exercises. Individual regimens often depend on the type of injury or condition, the patients age and specialized treatments prescribed by a medical professional. Physical therapy may also involve the use of braces, walkers or other mobility aids. Patients may be encouraged to exercise the injured areas while wearing supportive devices. Water therapy may also be used to reduce the amount of weight placed on an injured limb. Therapy sessions may also duplicate the conditions patients may face at work or home during a typical day. But with all that talk, we asked ourselves, what is the difference between Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. When going to the doctors or the hospital in China, a normal observation by a doctor is centered around â€Å" † which means observation, auscultation and smelling, interrogation and palpitation. The doctor will firstly observe the patients mental state, complexion, then look at his/her tongue, this being an important part of the observation (? ). The doctor will also listen to any particular sound or smell produced by the patient which is part of the â€Å"? †. â€Å"? † means asking patients questions about the patients condition and finally â€Å"? † involves taking the patients pulse. â€Å" † provides the Chinese doctor with all of the information he needs to make a diagnosis, simple but very straightforward method that has been working for more than 2000 years. In the US, a normal observation by a doctor would start with checking the patients vitals, which would mean taking the pulse, using a stethoscope to check your lungs and respiratory system. Also a nurse would usually also come and take a vial of the patients blood for a blood test. An X-ray may also been required or an MRI depending on the patients symptoms. In addition to the diagnosis differences, we also came up with a series of differences between Chinese and Western medicine. The table below is a compilation of all our findings. Chinese Medicine  Western Medicine Key Beliefs Qi is life. Qi is heart of medicine. Life and Medicine are one. Humans can control nature. Foreign invader causes illness. Control of symptoms leads to a cure of disease. Health A state of well being in which the body is vital, balanced ; adaptive to its environment. Absence of disease, pain, defect, or symptoms of illness. Illness Sickness Disease Disharmony/ Imbalance and loss of adaptability (a defect of function/energy). Any deviation of the body from its normal or healthy state. A defect of tissue or structure. A destructive process with a specific cause and characteristic symptoms, a particular disorder. Symptoms Manifestation of the bodys attempt to heal itself, therefore, messages, signals of unattended, underlying issues; or signs that something needs balancing. Manifestation of the disease, therefore, they are disagreeable phenomena to be eliminated or suppressed. Causes of Illness Any action/force which interferes with the balance and movement of bio-energy: ones constitution, psyche, lifestyle, trauma, environmental stress (nature or human). A foreign invader, an extraneous force or pathogen: distinct entities with unique causes originating outside the body for every clinical disorder. Multiple Causes Illness is the end result of multiple insults to the body. Singular causes for each disorder/or disease. Progression of illness Four stages of illness from energy imbalances causing functional changes that can initiate a progression of chronic illness preceding pathological changes in tissue. A progression of a particular disease is noted, but only disorders of form and structure (morphology) are recognized, not progression of functionality into structure. Model of Medicine Man as ecosystem, a garden; harmony. Man as machine; conflict. Physician As gardener, assistant: to cultivate life, to help patient get/stay well. As mechanic: to fix what is broken. Diagnosis: Understanding the Illness Perceiving the relationships between all the patients signs and symptoms. Uncovering a disease entity separate from the patients being. Treatment Preventing illness by balancing disharmonious energy and counselling lifestyle management. Curing named disease and suppressing symptoms through drugs or surgery. Science  Of observation and experimentation, the original science, of anciently understood Einsteinian physics and quantum field mechanics where E=MC2. Of reduction and induction, analytic and controlled science, of a mechanical Newtonian physics, long ago proved wrong at the cosmic sub-molecular levels. Measure for diagnosis Human senses: pulse, tongue, eyes, colouring. Laboratory equipment. Mind-Body relation Mind and body are one, inextricably interconnected. All medicine is psychosomatics. Mind and body are separate and not necessarily connected. Key limitations  Dependent on harmony with nature, it was not developed to deal with the worst of Western life: overwhelming and unprecedented environmental pollution, iatrogenic illness, and consequences of the Western philosophy of individualism and the controlling and defeating nature. Unaware of energy-based physiology (Qi), it therefore cannot detect, classify, measure or alter its effects in its beginning stages of illness. From this flaw stem not only the remaining differences listed above, but the worst consequences of western medicine? regularly and inevitably, it harms people. Key Strengths Prevention, handling chronic illness and self-care: Because it recognizes the key role of lifestyle and the psyche in energetic changes that can progress toward illness. Handling structural defects: trauma and life-threatening illnesses. In the end, we believed that there was no better medicine. Both Chinese and Western medicine have their pros and cons. In the US, they have nearly to no knowledge of Traditional medicine. After passing around a survey, we realised that americans generally know a bit about acupuncture and some even  showed interest into trying TCM. The choice of whether they would try TCM or not was not based upon the table of differences we showed them or talked about, it was based on their personal beliefs, background and culture. In China, Western medicine has been been used more regularly by Chinese people who are more for a quick recover than one that can take longer. Young adults are more westernised now and often request for the â€Å"modern medicine†. Even when having a fever, some of them prefer getting UVs instead of going for a more natural approach. This is according to me, the main problem that needs to be addressed. I believe that the perfect scenario would be the balance of both Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Sometimes the other may be less invasive than the latter which may be better for the patient. I hope that after our presentation that day that we did influence some of our teammates and the people present on that day. If the next time they are at the doctors and just for a second think twice of which treatment is the best for them, then I believe that my job has been well done. References: 1. World Health Organization (online 2002) WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005 [http://whqlibdoc. who. int/hq/2002/WHO_EDM_TRM_2002. 1. pdf] (accessed 11 December 2006) 2. White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy. [http://www. whccamp. hhs. gov/finalreport. html] 3. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Five year strategic plan. [http://nccam. nih. gov/about/plans/fiveyear/fiveyear. pdf] 4. Rao JK et al. (1999) Use of complementary therapies for arthritis among patients of rheumatologists. Ann Intern Med 131: 409-416 5. Angell M and Kassirer JP (1998) Alternative medicine—the risks of untested and unregulated remedies. N Engl J Med 339: 839-841 6. Ebell MH et al. (2004) Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. Am Fam Physician 69: 548-556 7. Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. [emailprotected] hku. hk 8. www. EzineArticles. com/1993132 9. wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine

Level 5 Diploma in Health and Social Care free essay sample

I have used two examples of service users who use the service and how barriers are overcome when using different methods of communication and how working in partnership with other organizations can promote better outcomes for their care. This is relevant within my own Job role 1;Service User A-suffered a stroke and is partially deaf in his right ear and wears hearing aids 2;Service User B-Has dementia and lacks capacity to communicate . Service user A Barriers are overcome by care staff having to speak very slowly and facing him when speaking so he can follow lip movement. Staff are too write information down on paper so he can visually understand or stand to the right of him and speak louder so he can hear clearer. Len every service users care plan all relevant information such as his preferred methods of communication or his needs wishes or preferences personal details medication etc,this information can be shared with care staff who visit him or district nurses his family where possible . We will write a custom essay sample on Level 5 Diploma in Health and Social Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In every service users care plan there are daily reporting sheets that care staff record what they have done on each visit or report any concerns regarding the welfare of the client. These are then collected each month and returned to the office staff and stored in the service users personal file and any concerns are reported and discussed at these weekly meetings with social services any forms of extra support can be discussed and these changes can be implemented and other inter agencies can be introduced and decisions made on how a service users care can deliver better outcomes regarding their care. Service user B Her son is the first point of contact and communication regarding his mothers care feedback to the son and office staff have played a vital role in this ladies care gaining extra purport from the occupational therapist and her doctor as her mobility deteriorated rapidly and become unable to feed herself as well as her lack of capacity to communicate too care staff have found other ways of communication were formed by care staff using hand gestures or visually showing her items of clothing and giving her lots of choices on what she would like to eat and speaking to her using lots of eye contact this kept her attention and improved her care these have been found to be very effective when feedback from care staff were given. This can make all the difference to individuals who use the service their family embers can access these organizations and gather essential information and how it can improve the loved ones care. As so can all care staff research ways that may improve the service users care . Working in partnership with the hospital it is standard practice to implement all service users who use the service with a Hospital/ Health passport so if they are ever admitted to hospital they can take this with them of kin their GAP,s name address etc what medication they require and so on this has proved very effective as all their information can be shared with all essential hospital staff.

Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro

â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans.... Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans....

Jim Crow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jim Crow - Research Paper Example The Jim Crow was characterized by tough anti-black polices or laws (Packard 2003, 222). Under the Jim crow, people of color especially African Americans were seen as people who belonged to the lower or second class in society. The Jim Crow rallied for implementation of anti-black policies because many theologians and Christians preached that the white people were children of God. They taught that God cursed people of color especially black men to be servants, and due to this, God endorsed racial biasness (Boskin 1976). In addition, craniologists and social thinkers argued that the culture of the black people was inferior and that they were intellectually inferior to the white people. Those politicians who were against social integration believed that the black culture could not mix with the white culture as this could lead to mongrelization of the white race which they perceived to be superior than any other race (Klarman 2006, 211). The media propagated racial segregation in their articles where they referred to black people as darkies, coons, and niggers. Their messages in the articles spread anti-black information and stereotypes. For instance, in schools, white children saw black children as inferior and worthless. Under the Jim Crow, all social institutions such as schools and churches reinforced oppression of the people of color particularly African Americans (Parish 2008, 93-95). The Jim Crow norms worked in combination with the Jim Crow policies. The Jim Crow norms were responsible for black exclusion from significant facilities such as jobs, transport, and schools. The 13th and 15th amendment of the US constitution had given black people same rights and legal protection as white people (Stetson 2011, 188). However, when Rutherford was elected the US president, border and southern States started restricting the freedoms and rights of black people. Even the highest institution in the land, the Supreme Court, reinforced racial segregation with the

Interracial Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interracial Marriage - Essay Example As such, religiously, some groups approve of interracial marriages, where they concern themselves with acceptance and their conception of divinity and spiritual leaders. In reference to this issue of religion, certain groups encourage interracial marriages as they are viewed as propagation of the world’s population, which can be found in the bible (Christian Answers, n.d.). Other religions, however, are against these marriages as they are viewed to be in contradiction of the pure religious bred of believers or of a spiritual group. This is because the group is fully dedicated to purity and restricts its members to people of a certain color only, thus seeing excommunicating people who breach their regulations. In relation to the overall benefits and disadvantages of interracial marriages, a lot can be said, or even deduced, where these two aspects of interracial marriages cover a large scope. Following the merits, interracial marriages see personal growth in both parties involved and even their close associates, as it offers a unique environment. In this environment, one gets to comprehend the challenges that a spouse faces in an attempt to fit into a new culture, and due to racial differences (Landry, 2009). This is in relation to feeling left out, which allows spouses to develop a new level of racial empathy and acceptance, as well as identity for difficult situations. Consequently, spouses also learn the concept of dispelling stereotypes against the other race as one gets to know the spouse. This can be seen in cases where there are misconceptions about other races, and these can easily be eradicated by interracial marriages as they give room for interaction. This also means that inter racial marriages create a crucial opportunity to end social segregation as all parties and their misconception of one another can be dispelled, and acceptance

Developing and Presenting a Strategic Plan Research Paper

Developing and Presenting a Strategic Plan - Research Paper Example ? time, the company has gone through rapid growth and it became a powerhouse with yearly worldwide production facility of 117 million square meters of ceramic and porcelain tiles (RAK, 2015). In addition to this, production capacity for sanitary ware is 4.6 million and the annual turnover is of US$ 1 billion. The company is a true global leader and a jewel in the manufacturing industry of entire Middle East (Superbrands, 2014). It received the Super brands awards for the sixth consecutive year which shows how well it is performing in the ceramic lifestyle category. 2. Gres Procellanato: RAK Ceramics produces numerous glazed and unglazed porcelain having different types of finishing touches. For example, polished, stones, mosaic, rustic etc. These are ideal for both homes and offices. RAK Ceramics began its legacy with a vision to meet world standards for good quality. Over the period of twenty years, the company has further built on its vision and aims to be an innovative leader in the ceramics’ category (RAK, 2015). The mission of the company is to responsibly and knowledgeably deliver eight core values. These are: Mahmood (2012) suggested that the company was able to maintain its position as the number one position ceramic producer of the world for two consecutive years. This shows how well the management is working in line with the vision and mission. RAK Ceramics aims to reach the highest heights in the field of ceramics by producing hi-tech lifestyle solutions. The company wants to be the most preferred option around the world for tiles and ceramics. The company believes that excellence is well embedded into the system and it strives to achieve excellence in technology. In addition, the company refers to excellence in technology as the ‘Organizational DNA’ with which it envisions to achieve the hallmark of success (Annual Report, 2010). The internal analysis of a company includes the company’s strengths and weaknesses. This section would closely

Solar Energy What Will Save Our Earth Environmental Sciences Essay

Solar Energy What Will Save Our Earth Environmental Sciences Essay Around the world, everyone seems to have green on their minds. However, this isnt green as in money, this green deals with the green movement. The green movement was started by environmentalists, whose goal it was to make known we are damaging our earth and that we need to make changes to save it. The main focus of the green movement is to create alternative energy sources for the world to use instead of depleting our fossil fuel energy resources. With fossil fuels being non-renewable resources, we all must recognize the energy problem and work towards other options. Eric McLamb, in his online article on energys future today, states non-renewable fossil fuels were  formed from plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago and became buried way underneath the Earths surface where their remains collectively transformed into the combustible materials we use for fuel.  (McLamb, 1) Without our supply of fossil fuels, society would fail to exist as it does today. Our most common fossil fuels today are oil, coal and natural gas, giving us our heat and electricity. Eric McLamb continued on to state,  This means that fossil fuels, along with nuclear energy-a controversial, nonrenewable energy source- are supplying 93% of the worlds energy resources.  (McLamb, 1)   We obtain most of our fossil fuels through a mining process. During the various mining processes, the surrounding environment can be highly damaged. Numerous oil spills have occurring while mining, damaging large areas of our ocean ecosystems. In addition to damaging water, the mining of coal strips enormous pieces of land, destroying our land ecosystems. Our ecosystems are being destroyed, as well as our atmosphere. When burned, fossil fuels release large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide in turn contributes greatly towards our planets global warming epidemic, which then creates other issues. With global warming causing temperatures to rise, ice in places such as Antarctica, is melting causing ocean water to rise and negatively impact its surrounding ecosystems and other bodies of water.  Rising sea levels alone can impede processes ranging from settlement, agriculture and fishing both commercially and recreationally. Air pollution is also a direct r esult of the use of fossil fuels, resulting in smog and the degradation of human health and plant growth. (McLamb, 1)   By the year 2020, world energy consumption is projected to increase by 50% If the global consumption of renewable energy sources remains constant, the worlds available fossil fuel reserves will be consumed in 104 years or in the 22nd century.(McLamb, 1) With our non-renewable resources depleting and our population continually growing, the need for other energy sources will not be decreasing anywhere in the near future. The energy sources being considered today center around natural elements; wind, solar, and water energy sources. All of these sources are efficient, renewable, and healthy for our environment. For the purpose of this essay, I chose to focus strictly on solar energy. More specifically, I chose to focus on the benefits and detriments of solar energy on the U.S environmentally.  I strongly believe that the U.S. needs to make the switch to solar energy and would environmentally benefit from doing so. Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun, which is then harnessed and used to produce electricity. Solar energy began in the 7th century, using glass and the sun to make fire. Through the years the need for solar energy has increased and is used today to heat rooms, heat water, and generate electricity. In order to heat rooms and water, the radiant energy from the suns rays must be captured. It is difficult to capture rays because they are so spread out, the concentrations very dramatically. NEED, The National Energy Education Development Program, shares about how much solar energy that is available depends on  the time of day, the season of the year, and the clearness or cloudiness of the sky.  (Solar, 40) Once the energy is caught, it needs to be transformed into usable energy. The main processes to transform the rays into energy are photovoltaic, solar power towers or by burning biomass. Photovoltaic cells are the most common and efficient way to convert solar energy. An enthusiast, Marissa Schiff, states in her article Why the U.S. Should Rely More Heavily Upon Solar Energy, The photovoltaic effect occurs when sunlight is absorbed by the cells that are similar to computer chips. The solar energy in this instance gets the electrons moving by separating them from their atoms which allows the electrons to move through the material and thus creates electricity.(Schiff, 2) Silicon is the most common material used in photovoltaic cells and they are most efficiently used in rural settings. Another way to convert solar into energy is through solar power towers, also known as central receivers. Schiff continues on to address solar power towers that generate energy from sunlight because they concentrate solar energy onto a tower which has a receiver on the top that converts energy and creates steam.  (Schiff, 2) Solar power towers are ideally for more populated areas, such as large cities. Lastly, a common way to convert the harnessed energy is through the burning of biomass. Schiff states,  the biomass produces usable energy because it contains energy stored from the sun through the process of photosynthesis.  (Schiff, 2) The burning of the biomass releases heat, which in turn can heat up buildings and can be used to create steam to generate electricity. When speaking of solar power, people tend to think of the positive effects it has on our environment. However, there are many detriments when it comes to the existence of many solar power plants. For example, the Solar Energy Development Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement website states, All utility-scale solar energy facilities require relatively large areas for solar radiation collection when used to generate electricity at a commercial scale, and the large arrays of solar collectors may interfere with natural sunlight, rainfall, and drainage, which could have a variety of effects on plants and animals.  (Solar Energy, 1) The loss of land could damage many animals habitats, as well as stop current land use. For example, the land may currently be used for the grazing of sheep or even an archeological site. Also, most solar power plants would chose to use photovoltaic cell panels to capture the suns rays. These photovoltaic panels, although they have a coating on them, cou ld be damaged and release harmful chemicals into our environment. As the Solar Energy Development PEIS points out, concentrating solar power systems may employ liquids such as oils or molten salts that may be hazardous and present spill risks.  (Solar Energy, 1) In addition to damaging the land, the water sources surrounding the solar power plant may be damaged. Many solar power plants use turbines to generate the electricity after captured by the panels. These turbines use water for cooling purposes. As many solar power plants would be located in arid, hot climates, the water sources would already be limited. If a solar plant was to be built in such a place, there would be an increased strain on the water reserves. Another thought is if the water was contaminated accidently while cooling in the turbine, it could contaminate the entire water supply. Overall solar power plants could possibly cause a lot of damage to our environment. They are massive facilities that would have to be treated much like that of a construction site, with extreme caution. Although there are several possible detriments to our environment, if we choose to convert to solar our environment would be greatly saved. Solar energy, along with all renewable resources, does not pollute our air and is quiet efficient. Solar energy would reduce global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions because it doesnt emit any at all. Solar energy also does not release nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide into our atmosphere, which would reduce smog and acid rain. (Schiff, 1) Also, as previously addressed, we must make the switch to solar energy in order to conserve our remaining fossil fuels so that we dont run out within the next 104 years as proposed. Fossil fuels must be mined; solar on the other hand does not. Solar would reduce the waste that occurs through these mining processes that negatively effects our environment, such as dust, drainage and emissions. Finally, the efficiency of fossil fuels for electricity is relatively low. McLamb states,  When you burn these fossil fuels to create electricity, we only convert about 35% of the energy produced into electricity; the other 65% is lost mostly in heat.  (McLamb, 1) As our fossil fuels are steadily depleting we need a reliable energy source with a higher efficiency. Although single solar cells have relatively low efficiency, when millions are combined to create an entire solar power system, the efficiency increases. Since the sun is everlasting, the efficiency isnt as big of a deal as in the case of our fossil fuels. As our fossil fuels continue to deplete, everyone from environmentalists to national oil companies, are recognizing the fact that we must decide on an alternative energy source for our nation.  Ã‚  Through the evidence collected here, it is clear solar energy has its benefits and detriments, but it is understandably the best energy alternative.  Although solar energy does present some detriments to our environment, they are only possibilities, not proven facts.  Ã‚  The fact is that solar energy is dramatically better for our environment than todays fossil fuels.  Ã‚  Initially expensive, yet worthwhile in the long run, environmentally-friendly solar energy is the direction the U.S. should be heading.     Ã‚   MLA Works Cited McLamb, Eric. ecology.com | Fossil Fuels vs. Renewable Energy.  The Ecology Global Network | Ecology News and Information for Residents of Planet Earth. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . Schiff, Marissa , and Jason Vaupen. Economic Benefits.  Why the U.S. Should Rely More Heavily Upon Solar Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Solar.  Solar at a Glance 2008. The NEED Project, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . Solar Energy Development Environmental Considerations.  Solar Energy Development PEIS Information Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. .

Virus Eradicates Through Mosquitoes Essay -- Essays Papers

Virus Eradicates Through Mosquitoes Have you ever heard of a killer mosquito? In Alicia Campbell and H. Michael Dreher’s article, â€Å"A New Transcontinental Disease: The West Nile Virus,† they describe the virus’s origination, transmission, symptoms, treatment, how to avoid it, and the danger. The article was published in June of 2002 in Medsburg Nursing Journal, because the virus is growing rapidly throughout America. The virus first hit United States in New York in 1999, infecting sixty-two people. The authors inform us that it is still a mystery how the virus came to America. One thing is for sure, mosquitoes carry the virus, and they are responsible for the infections in humans. West Nile’s origination first surfaced along the West Nile district of Uganda in Africa in 1937. It’s first reported epidemics took place in Israel during 1951 through 1954, and again in 1957. The largest reported epidemics occurred in South Africa in 1974. There were tens of thousands of infections. A more recent outbreak was in 1996, in Romania where there were over f...

Reaction with pre employment seminar Essay

Due to the development of our society concerning the technical and ethical progress in the past decades and centuries; it has become a very complicated network of different niches, which are connected among each other. Accordingly every individual person has the chance and in the best cases even the opportunity to select the niche he fits in most. The niche consists of several attributes like profession, social status and political attitude. In consequence of already mentioned complexity of the society it is hard to find the perfect job for an individual, since there is a huge cluster of different professions. A source like the internet should support our search in the mass of available data. Not only the quantity of information gives us a possibility to find something we require, but also the speed facilitates the search. And since every household has an internet connection, it is also much cheaper than buying a newspaper or going to a convention outside the city. A disadvantage of the internet is possibly a limitation of the ability to present you. A usual application has a certain structure, if not required differently. There is a certain pattern, which allows you to give just a small amount of information about your personage. Also the curriculum vitae make it hard to express your possible qualities. A person, although certain data present, remains more or less anonymous. But luckily almost every company has job interviews, where everybody has a chance to convince the employer with the qualities, which were not or could not be mentioned in the application form. In a recruitment process, an interview is invariably one of the last but most crucial processes. It involves a one to one interaction of the candidates with the prospective employer. Besides giving the interviewer a chance to evaluate your strength and skill, it also gives you an opportunity to understand what to expect from the organization. No matter how well qualified and articulate one is for a job, there is nothing to replace thorough preparation for the interview. Have a good grip of your strengths and weakness. Know what to talk at the interview and how to handle the situation, if things do not go as planned. The first step in preparing for an interview is to put together a strategy. Try and analyze that the interviewer would have already reviewed your resume, which provide the hard facts of your employment history and skills. You can make a good impression by reviewing how to bring forth your essential skills. There is a need to portray sincerely and politely, though enthusiastically your knowledge about the organization and its mission. For instance, it would be good to know the names and positions of key people in the organization, its products/service and key business competitors. Preparation for an interview follows these steps. Keep yourself calm. Often going well prepared is the best way to enhance your confidence. Know all about the company, its business. Research the company and interviewer if possible. Analyze why you want the job. What soft skills do you have to offer the organization? For instance the resume may have shown some concrete examples of skills as a team player, but you need to convince interviewer of your ability to fit within a team. Prepare questions you wish to ask about the job or organization. Line up reference in advance in case you are asked for them.

Definition and Examples of Solecism

Definition and Examples of Solecism In prescriptive grammar, a usage error or any deviation from conventional word order. In its broader implications, notes Maxwell Nurnberg, a solecism is a deviation from the norm, something illogical, incongruous, absurd, or even an impropriety, a breach of etiquette (I Always Look Up the Word Egregious, 1998).The term solecism is derived from Soli, the name of an ancient Athenian colony where a dialect regarded as substandard was spoken. Examples and Observations: Solecism. An ancient term for an error in syntax arising from a mismatch between words. E.g., those page would be a solecism since plural those does not match or is not congruent with, singular page. . . .The extension to errors other than of language is modern.(P.H. Matthews, Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)I quit school when I were sixteen.(public service ad)Songs you sang to me, sounds you brang to me.(Neil Diamond, Play Me)Curiouser and Curiouser[T]he phrase curiouser and curiouser . . . occurs for the first time in the 1865 Alices Adventures in Wonderland at the start of Chapter 2: Curiouser and curiouser! cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); now Im opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Its not good English because of the rule that -er may . . . be added only to words of one or two syllables; a three-syllable word like curious requires the use of more instead, s o Alice would properly have said, More and more curious! But, recalling Alice and her truly curious adventures, curiouser and curiouser has passed into general use as a phrase to evoke any situation so curious as to cause one to forget good English.(Allan Metcalf, Predicting New Words. Houghton, 2002) Between You and IBetween you and IAnd the stars that light up the sky . . ..(Jessica Simpson, Between You and I)[S]ome things we now consider to be mistakes or solecisms were once quite acceptable. . . . Are we racked with indignation when we hear Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice read a letter from Antonio containing the words All debts are cleared between you and I?(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011)Solecisms and Barbarisms (1882)Solecism. In rhetoric, a solecism is defined as an offense against the rules of grammar by the use of words in a wrong construction; false syntax.Modern grammarians designate by solecism any word or expression which does not agree with the established usage of writing or speaking. But, as customs change, that which at one time is considered a solecism may at another be regarded as correct language. A solecism, therefore, differs from a barbarism, inasmuch as the latter consists in the use of a word or expression which is altogether con trary to the spirit of the language, and can, properly speaking, never become established as correct language. Penny Cyclopaedia(Alfred Ayres, The Verbalist: A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words. D. Appleton, 1882) Roman Rhetoricians on SolecismsI allow that a solecism may occur in one word, but not unless there be something having the force of another word, to which the incorrect word may be referred; so that a solecism arises from the union of things by which something is signified or some intention manifested; and, that I may avoid all caviling, it sometimes occurs in one word, but never in a word by itself.(Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory)There are two faults in speaking that can mar its Latinity: solecism and barbarism. A solecism occurs if the concord between a word and the one before it in a group of words is defective. A barbarism is when something faulty is expressed in the words.

Chicago Referencing †Citing a Newspaper (Footnote Style)

Chicago Referencing – Citing a Newspaper (Footnote Style) Chicago Referencing – Citing a Newspaper (Footnote Style) News flash! Citing sources is vital in academic writing. But what should you do if you need to cite a newspaper in your work? This all depends on the referencing system you’re using. With Chicago referencing, you have two options: author–date referencing or footnote citations. In this post, though, we’re looking specifically at citing a newspaper with Chicago-style footnotes. Footnote Citations The first time you cite a newspaper article, give full publication information in the footnote. The format for doing this is: n. Author Name, â€Å"Title of Article,† Title of Newspaper, date of publication, page number. In practice, then, the first citation of a newspaper article would look like this: 1. James V. Koch, â€Å"No College Kid Needs a Water Park to Study,† New York Times, January 9 2018, 65. This citation points to an article on page 65 of the New York Times, published on January 9. Online articles won’t have page numbers, though. Instead, give a URL and date of access. For instance: 2. James V. Koch, â€Å"No College Kid Needs a Water Park to Study,† New York Times, January 9 2018, accessed 2 April 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/09/opinion/trustees-tuition-lazy-rivers.html. If you need to cite the same article again, you can use a shortened format. To do this, just give the author’s surname, a shortened version of the title, and (if relevant) a page number. Bibliography In Chicago footnote referencing, all cited sources are listed in a bibliography at the end of the document. The format to use for a newspaper article here is: Surname, First Name(s). â€Å"Title of Article.† Title of Newspaper, date of publication. As with footnote citations, you should also give a date of access and URL for online articles. For instance, if citing a print article and an online article, the bibliography entries would look like this: Koch, James V. â€Å"No College Kid Needs a Water Park to Study.† New York Times, January 9 2018. Selingo, Jeffrey J. â€Å"You Got into the College of Your Dreams. But Will You Actually Go There?† The Washington Post, March 29 2018. Accessed 2 April 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/03/29/you-got-into-the-college-of-your-dreams-but-will-you-actually-go-there/?utm_term=.7ba14166f003

Hedda Gabler, examine her character. How does she arouse both sympathy Essay

Hedda Gabler, examine her character. How does she arouse both sympathy and scorn Using support from the play, explain and justify Shaw's observation about Hedda's character and the difficulty in playing it - Essay Example She tries to evade Tesman; even she does not hesitate to allow her ex-lover Ejlert Là ¸vborg to commit suicide. She rather provokes him by giving him a pistol. It is not that she unsympathetically or villainously commits this crime of provoking Lovborg’s suicide; rather she does so to assert her being in her ability to possess and manipulate her romantic hero whom she once dumped because of his recklessly free nature. It is true that she is unsympathetic towards Lovborg and others, including Tesman and Aunt Julle, who represent the social restrictions. Though she cannot but be unsympathetic to them, she herself bears secret sympathy for them, as George Bernard Shaw, in a letter to Elizabeth Robbins, says, â€Å"You were sympathetically unsympathetic, which was the exact solution of the central difficulty of playing Hedda.† () Hedda, a fancy-flyer entrapped by the social expectations of wifehood, is continually torn apart by her sense of the standards of appearance and her love for freedom. Her â€Å"aimless desire for freedom† makes her reproachful towards those who may meddle in her desire. In the very beginning of the play, Hedda is found to take savage delight in manipulating people to achieve her end. She instinctively hates Tessman’s relatives and family. This is because her expectation of an aristocrat life is not fulfilled and also the boundary of Tessman’s household does not allow her to enjoy the freedom. Hedda has an extremely freedom loving mind. In the beginning, she hates pregnancy, motherhood â€Å"make a claim on her freedom† (Ibsen 45). She does not like to be a mother, because it would bind her more with the duties and responsibilities. Like any typical woman of Ibsen’s plays, she is a fancy-flyer who has been stuck into harsh reality. Her high background shows that she has been pampered in her father’s house. Being devoid of any knowledge reality, she tries to dominate matters,

Does international law function effectively Essay

Does international law function effectively - Essay Example If we expand the definition to include nation states and simplify it somewhat we can say that any particular act can be seen as a crime if the international community defines it as such3.This is clearly the state of affairs when one examines the current state and the historical foundations of international law where crimes were said to be committed when countries broke agreements with each other, went back on treaties signed with groups of other nations, ignored international decisions or behaved in a inappropriate manner4 for a nation that wishes to be integrated into the larger global cooperative system that is currently taking place in the history of civilisation5. While this may show that international law and regulations have failed, it cab be shown that the law itself has not failed rather it is application of the law which has missed the mark completely. As a basic element of civilized living, it seems that the idea for not breaking any rules and following the law is ingrained into the members of a group simply because without respect for and agreement on certain rules, a society could completely fall under anarchy. To maintain laws, there is also the intimidation of punishment linked to breaking the laws but if a country or a ruler of a country knows that they can get away with it then it would be unlikely that they would continue to follow the law without incredible self restraint6. Even on an individual level, a society where certain powerful members or the elite play give little regard to the laws of the collective, the society can eventually get to a position where the law is utterly powerless and in many ways, this idea certainly applies to the global arena7. As there are lawgivers and lawbreakers in the global arena, there are also people and organisations responsible for keeping the law. In a city, town or country, it is relatively easy to enforce the law mainly because jurisdiction issues are not present. However, in the case of

HRM and Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM and Culture - Research Paper Example The issue of gender balance at the corporate level is still problematic and one that reflects the social dynamics that surround corporate or market environment. As one tends towards mature democracies, gains that have been made in this effort become more palpable. The reverse is also true with maturing democracies and developing economies such as South Korea. In South Korea, corporate gender balance has been still hard to come by, with very little progress having been made as late as 2005. In South Korea, leading organisations that excel in key sectors such as the telecommunication industry still have corporate leaders who fallaciously think that extending women employment opportunities can undercut organisational development. While this untrue standpoint may simply be dismissed as a sexist myth, the gravity of this standpoint is that it denies the corporate life, collective approach and plurality of views, and thereby subjecting an economy that practices it to underperformance. This may be seen in South Korea and the life and practices of leading organisations therein, such as SK Holdings. ... It is possible that this bias towards women in the recruitment of personnel was not so much caused by unequal gender business strategies than the society’s gender bias. Because of the society’s gender bias towards women, SK’s might have imperceptibly maintained the culture of hiring more men than women. Conversely, it is also possible that SK’s HRM practice (of not hiring women) may have been deliberate and can therefore be regarded as part of the company’s organisational or business strategy. This may be the case, since in the details preceding the case, one of the senior managers of SK Holdings had confessed of having eschewed employing women simply because he believed that women lacked tenacity. He divulged on his belief to the effect that when deadlines are tight and many people are thus required to work overtime, women may not be as reliable as men. It is therefore plausible that SK’s HRM practice of sticking to men may have been a delib erate business strategy, as an artifice to keep organisational production optimal and to meet strict deadlines. 2. How Hiring More Women and Promoting Them Could Improve the Competitive Advantage of This Company A myriad of competitive advantages characterises the hiring and promotion of women. One of the advantages that come with the recruitment and promotion of women has to do with the entrenchment of plurality of ideas in the company’s efforts. It is a fact that women and men think and see things from different perspectives and angles. This means that incorporating women into SK’s workforce is bound to help the organisation come up with more efficient and strategic policies and frameworks. This is well seen in the case of

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay Macbeth is a play that examines human nature. During the play there is a significant amount of emphasis on the different attributes and sides of human nature. The play demonstrates that everyone has the ability to do good or evil by what choices they make and what the ramifications of these actions are, decisions are made that affect the outcome of a person’s future. Macbeth is a prime example of the human nature in its very worst form. Throughout the play, Macbeth experience somewhat of a fall from grace. Macbeth’s greed and poor decision making caused him to lose everything he had worked so hard for. He became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to gain what he believed was rightly his. He went from somebody who was a strong courageous and well respected man who was an honourable warrior for Scotland. To someone who was so blinded by his hunger for power it drove him to incredible lengths such as killing his own cousin and best friend, to receive what was promised him by the witches. Macbeth’s disloyalty is a huge flaw in his character and part of his human nature. He murdered his long-time friend and king, Duncan. He had no remorse for his actions, he was only concerned for his own safety that he wouldn’t get caught. â€Å"The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. † (act 2, scene 1) Shakespeare uses the character of Macbeth to demonstrate to his audience that the decisions we make and the actions we take can easily be affected by simple aspects of human nature such as greed, this hunger for power that some people seem to possess and that we can so easily be manipulated by others to do wrong. Lady Macbeth is very manipulative towards her husband, by questioning his manhood, emotionally blackmailing him she brings out his pride to do as she desires. â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. † (act 1, scene 7) She plays on the weakest parts of Macbeth’s character to manipulate him. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. † (act 1, scene 7) This shows that Macbeth was set to not kill Duncan but Lady Macbeth manipulated him to change this mindset. So if were not for Lady Macbeth’s toying and manipulation of Macbeth he would still be the honourable man he once was. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare uses his main Characters, particularly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to show the very worst of human nature and tried to show his audience and anyone to read the play in the years to come that our choices and actions can be easily influenced by others and that everything we do, particularly bad things have serious ramifications, in Macbeths case, The total destruction of himself, his wife and his country.

Calculus Essays -- Mathematics History

Calculus "One of the greatest contributions to modern mathematics, science, and engineering was the invention of calculus near the end of the 17th century," says The New Book of Popular Science. Without the invention of calculus, many technological accomplishments, such as the landing on the moon, would have been difficult. The word "calculus" originated from the Latin word meaning pebble. This is probably because people many years ago used pebbles to count and do arithmetic problems. The two people with an enormous contribution to the discovery of the theorems of calculus were Sir Isaac Newton of England and Baron Gottfried Wilhelm of Germany. They discovered these theorems during the 17th century within a few years of each other. Isaac Newton was considered one of the great physicists all time. He applied calculus to his theories of motion and gravitational pull. He was able to discover a function and describe mathematically the motion of all objects in the universe. Calculus was invented to help solve problems dealing with "changing or varying" quantities. Calculus is considered "mathematics of change." There are some basic or general parts of calculus. Some of these are functions, derivative, antiderivatives, sequences, integral functions, and multivariate calculus. Some believe that calculus is too hard or impossible to learn without much memorization but if you think that calculus is all memorizing then you will not get the object of learning...

Organizational Behavior Final Project

LIU MBA Students for the North Shore Animal League Organizational Behavior For the group project our group chose option A, to design and implement a community service project. We chose to help the North Shore Animal League based in Port Washington, New York. We think this is an important charity to help because the organization receives no federal funding and relies solely on donations from the public. North Shore Animal league is one of the largest no-kill shelters and they have saved close to 1 million cats, dogs, kittens and puppies to date.After our initial meeting in class we brainstormed some ideas on how to fundraise via e-mail. We decided to do a combination of things to raise money for the North Shore Animal League. First, to spread the word, we created a Facebook page to share our project with our friends, family and acquaintances. The page is also viewable to friends-of-friends so it reaches a wide scope of people. The page tells the viewer about the league and our project ; the page features pictures and a link to a fundraising website.The fundraising website was created through North Shore Animal League and gives viewers the opportunity to donate using a credit card. These donations go directly to the league and are tracked through the website. We tried talking to the campus bookstore to see if they would donate some merchandise we could then sell for the cause, but they were unable to. We decided to purchase some snacks in bulk from Costco to sell to raise money. We made the decisions to target a highly populated area with a large amount of foot traffic, in order to reach the most people.Therefore, we orchestrated a fundraising day in Flushing and Hunter’s Point where we passed out fliers, collected donations, and sold the snacks. To reach a larger scope of people, we talked with a local pet store, located in Northport, and they allowed us to set up a table and solicit donations for the league from customers go in and out of the store. We th ought this was a good location because we would likely be reaching animal lovers who would be sympathetic to our cause and therefore more likely to contribute. We also distributed fliers while at the pet store, which included the address for our undraising website so the customers could donate to the animal league when they got home. Psychological contract is defined as individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of an exchange agreement between individuals and their organization (Rousseau). According to the project's instructions, we have 400 points to split amongst the four group members. Our group's psychological contract is that as long as each group member attends each meeting, participates in the fundraising activities, and completes their share of the work equally, each group member will receive 100 of the 400 points.However, if someone cannot fulfill their share of the work, the other group members can deduct points from this member and add them to their own grade. The psychological contract depends on the trust between the group members. In our group we valued the promise to every member to share the work equally and did not violate our contract. Every member was able to express their opinion freely, if someone felt that a group member’s performance was lacking, they can talk openly with the other members and discuss redistributing the points.Our group's psychological contract could not be violated easily because we all wanted to share the work to ensure we got the best grade possible. Through the learning of psychological contract, we built a strong and efficient team. With an effective performance system and strong trust among our members, we reached great achievement. It is very important to figure out how you can motivate the members in a group since it will increase the productivity of the group. The four members in our group have different personalities and personal goal; therefore, the methods to motivate them are tot ally different.There is that minority which is challenged by opportunity and willing to work hard to achieve something (McClelland). For our project we all needed to be part of this minority because we had such limited time. In McClelland’s discussion of Motive A, he talks about setting â€Å"moderately difficult, but potentially achievable goals†¦ tasks to make them stretch themselves a little. † Our group decided early on to set a goal of raising $250, which we thought would be a good amount to strive for considering our time constraint.We found this amount to be difficult, but do-able. Something else McClelland discusses is how the nAch person is constantly spending their time thinking of how to do things better. Through trial and error we were able to figure out what worked for our group. For example, we had a not so successful day fundraising in Flushing, raising only $20 in about 4 hours, and were able to use this experience to find a better way to do this n ext time. The expectancy theory could be used to help outline how we made decisions on how to behave in our group.To begin, you can look at the concept of performance-outcome expectancy, which states every behavior has an associated reward or punishment. For example a group member could have chosen to sit back and let the other members perform, or could have chosen to make a genuine effort. The consequences are that we won’t receive the best grade and won’t raise the most money possible; or our group will flourish with everyone’s involvement. The concept of valence, the idea that each outcome has a specific worth to the individual was apparent as well.Luckily, we all want the some outcome, to raise the most money possible for the animal league and to be graded fairly by our peers, so this wasn’t an issue when it came to motivating our group. Lastly there is effort-performance expectancy, which states that every behavior has associated with it a certain pr obability of success. With this concept we all needed to understand that our efforts would be rewarded with donations. Once we started to receive donations we used this as motivation to get more.Ethical dilemmas are very complex for individuals, according to textbook, â€Å"the notion that its easy to be ethical assumes that individuals automatically know that they are facing ethical dilemma and that they should simply choose to do the right thing. † However, the definition of â€Å"doing right thing† may be different for different people, depending on their culture or background. In our project, we have two ethical dilemmas. First, are we going to donate the exact total amount of money we have raised to North Shore Animal League.The first spot we were collecting donations was in Flushing, where we explained our project to pedestrians and they were usually rude, impatient and less willing to listen to us. Because of this we decided to move to another spot, a park in Hu nters Point where the people were more patient. We collected 20 dollars in this spot, which is much more than we were able to collect in Flushing. We quickly saw that people in these two spots have different characteristics; the people in Hunters Point were more willing to trust us and believe that we were being ethical.The people in Hunters Point stopped and ask us about our project, and about our cause. The people in Hunters Point believed in the good side of people and were more willing to trust us and in return donate. The people who donated to us believed that every penny they were giving us was going to help the animals at North Shore Animal League, therefore, we cannot let them down and we have a responsibility to deliver all of the money we collect. The second dilemma is whether or not we should deduct the cost of the products we sold from the donations we collected.We bought Lays and Doritos for twenty cents per package and bottled water for sixty cents per bottle; we then sold the items for one dollar each. The person who bought the products could say that they should take back some money to compensate themselves for the cost of buying the items. In this case, it is a grey area. If the person does not request to get their money back, one could say they are a person who really cares about the cause they are raising money for. If they did ask to get some money back, one might say they are doing this activity just for a grade.Also, if the person who purchased the goods decided they wanted to be reimbursed, they could embellish the cost and get back more than they paid. This is similar to the activity we did in the classroom where employees were compensated for meals while out on the road. As long as the amount did not exceed eighty dollars per day, they would be reimbursed for food and they did not need to show receipts. In our case, people donated their money to us based on the idea that we will forward all of the money to the North Shore Animal League Our behavior was very important, as it dictated how others made judgments about us.As mentioned in the textbook, some factors of behavior include: tone of voice, body language, gestures and the words we say. People could be led to believe that we are a group of people doing good or committing fraud based on these factors. We found that certain things helped increase the level at which people trusted and believed we were doing good. Our image and the overall passion we conveyed were important factors to ensure other people’s trust us. People were more willing to trust us if we had an advertising board, Facebook website, and a donation website with the North Shore Animal League.Overall, we needed to appear as professional as possible to have the best results. People tend to doubt people they are not familiar with, especially in New York City; thus, we were able to gain their trust by conducting our project in a professional manner. The way we were asking people to make donatio n was also important. We needed to put our message in a way that conveyed the right meaning. It is not easy asking another person for money, people were less willing to donate if they felt they were not getting anything in return.We decided to sell something to deal with this issue, so we could make donors feel that they are donating to a worth cause while buying something. The way that we asked them was also important, if we said, â€Å"Excuse me, would you like to make a donation to support our program? † people usually walked right past us. However, if we said, â€Å"Excuse me, would you like to purchase a bottle of water or a bag of chips to support our program? † people would generally stop and listen to what we had to say. In this assignment, the ability to communicate across language barriers was key.Our group of four consisted of a male (Alex) and female (Danielle) from New York, a male from China (Yunjie), and a male from Taiwan (Wei). Alex and Danielle were u nable to speak any Chinese, and while Wei and Yunjie’s grasp of the English language was exceptional there were still times when communicating proved to be difficult. However, our group was able to continually overcome these communication barriers. For example, in situations where Wei was unable to understand certain English words, Yunjie would explain it to him in Chinese, and vice versa.Also, Alex and Danielle would try and clarify any confusing language by using the simplest English possible. By using the above-mentioned techniques our group was able to consistently overcome any language barriers and communicate effectively to achieve our goals. In addition to communicating across language barriers, our group was also faced with the challenge of communicating across cultures. This difference in cultures was most evident when the group attempted to raise funds for the North Shore Animal League by selling potato chips and water bottles in Flushing, Queens. In the U. S. selli ng lemonade on the street is almost considered a right of passage for many young children. Many American children take the idea of capitalism for granted, having been instilled with the idea of a free market economy from a young age. However, capitalism is not practiced throughout the world. Consequently, Wei and Yunjie had no prior experience selling goods to customers on the street. At first, because of their inexperience, Wei and Yunjie had a difficult time selling potato chips and water to customers. They were unable to reach out to customers and convey the fact that all of the proceeds from the sale would be going to charity.However, after being instructed on various selling techniques and following the example set by their fellow team members, Wei and Yunjie began reaching out to more and more customers. They fully embraced the fundraising concept and acquired the ability to effectively connect with customers to achieve our goals. Aside from highlighting our cultural differenc es, the fundraising experience in Queens also taught our group about the â€Å"Ladder of Inference†, as described by Rick Ross in his article The Ladder of Inference. While fundraising we noticed that many potential customers were extremely cautious about our group’s intentions.Many people did not believe that we were raising funds for the North Shore Animal League and instead thought that we would pocket the money for ourselves. People would take one look at our group and our surroundings and would automatically assume that we were â€Å"conning† them without actually taking the time to see what our true intentions were. This is an example of these potential customers climbing â€Å"The Ladder of Inference†. After we became aware of this we started to hand out fliers for the North Shore Animal League hoping that it would make our position more believable.While this did alleviate some customers concerns there were still many people who simply did not beli eve us. This was an extremely frustrating obstacle that was difficult to overcome. During a team meeting following our fundraising efforts we discussed how we could overcome this obstacle in the future. Our conclusion was that in order to establish trust with potential customers and thereby prevent them from negatively climbing â€Å"The Ladder of Inference† we must make ourselves appear more presentable and official.In the future we would dress in uniforms with nametags. In addition, we would apply for permits to fundraise on city grounds such as parks and playgrounds. It is our belief that by implementing these tactics we would gain the trust of potential customers and become more effective in our fundraising efforts. Unfortunately, due to time constraints, we were unable to implement these changes, however, through this process we learned a great deal and can use this experience in our future endeavors. In our group there was not one decisive leader.We all needed to be lea ders; as we learned from our leadership discussion, leaders are generally the ones who are finding new ways to do things. We all needed to come up with ideas on how to fundraise, and needed to figure out how we could actually get it done. During our class lecture on leadership, we discussed characteristics that all great leaders appear to have. Characteristics that came up over and over again included determination, well liked, personable, persuasive, and someone who has a good support team.By working hard, and working together, we knew we would achieve the best results. As discussed in â€Å"Level 5 Leadership,† a good leader knows that the cause is bigger than them. We used this idea when fundraising; we couldn’t simply go through the motions just to get the grade. We needed to really care about the cause, as great leaders are generally passionate about what they are doing. This is why it was important for our group to visit the Animal League. We thought it would be good to see what they do first hand, and tour their facility.This was an enjoyable experience because we were able to see some of the animals that we are helping, and were able to use our visit as motivation to raise more money. Our group worked together extremely well. We kept in contact through e-mail, weekly meetings before class, and a group text message on our cell phones. Each member offered ideas on how go about the project. We freely critiqued each other’s ideas to find out what would work best for our group. We recognized each other’s strengths and weaknesses and assigned tasks for each group member accordingly. In total we raised $xxx.